芥子

Chinese

		Brassica juncea	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (芥子)		芥	子
simp. #(芥子)		芥	子

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jièzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄗˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jièzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jièzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-tzŭ³
    • Yale: jyè-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehtzyy
    • Palladius: цзецзы (czeczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 介子 芥子

Noun

芥子

1. mustard seeds
2. (Buddhism) tiny thing

   • 自古道：『遣泰山輕如芥子，攜凡夫難脫紅塵。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     自古道：『遣泰山轻如芥子，携凡夫难脱红尘。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE

     Zìgǔ dào: ‘Qiǎn tàishān qīng rú jièzǐ, xié fánfū nán tuō hóngchén.’ [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 白芥子 (báijièzǐ)
• 芥子園畫傳／芥子园画传
• 芥子毒氣／芥子毒气 (jièzǐ dúqì)
• 芥子氣／芥子气 (jièzǐqì)
• 芥子油
• 芥子納須彌／芥子纳须弥

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (芥子):

• → Japanese: 芥(かい)子(し) (kaishi); 芥(がい)子(し) (gaishi)
• → Korean: 개자(芥子) (gaeja)

(from Early Mandarin)

• → Middle Korean: 계ᄌᆞ (kyeyco)
  • Korean: 겨자 (gyeoja)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
芥	子
からし
Jinmeiyō	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
辛子 芥

From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) からし [kàráshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠ɕi]

Noun

芥子(からし) • (karashi) 

1. Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea [from early 10th c.]
2. a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard [from mid-8th c.]

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥子(からし)和(あ)え (karashi-ae)
• 芥子(からし)色(いろ) (karashi-iro)
• 芥子(からし)醤油(じょうゆ) (karashi-jōyu)
• 芥子(からし)酢(ず) (karashizu)
• 芥子(からし)漬(づ)け (karashi-zuke)
• 芥子(からし)泥(でい) (karashidei)
• 芥子(カラシ)菜(ナ) (karashina)
• 芥子(からし)味噌(みそ) (karashi miso)
• 芥子(からし)マヨネーズ (karashi mayonēzu)
• 芥子(からし)油(ゆ) (karashiyu)
• 芥子(からし)湯(ゆ) (karashiyu)
• 芥子(からし)蓮根(れんこん) (karashi renkon)
• 犬(イヌ)芥子(ガラシ) (inugarashi)
• 唐(とう)辛子(がらし) (tōgarashi)
• 江戸(えど)芥子(がらし) (Edo-garashi)
• オランダ芥子(ガラシ) (Oranda-garashi, “watercress”)
• 川(カワ)芥子(カラシ) (kawakarashi)
• 菊(キク)葉(バ)芥子(ガラシ) (kikuba-garashi)
• 田(タ)芥子(ガラシ) (tagarashi)
• 溶(と)き芥子(がらし) (tokigarashi)
• 練(ね)り芥子(がらし) (nerigarashi)
• 浜(ハマ)芥子(ガラシ) (hamagarashi)
• 洋(よう)芥子(がらし) (yōgarashi)
• 和(わ)芥子(がらし) (wagarashi)

Proverbs

• 牛(うし)と芥子(からし)は願(ねが)いから鼻(はな)を通(とお)す (ushi to karashi wa negai kara hana o tōsu, “wishing for a cow and a mustard seed to pass through the nose → wanting to suffer from a disaster”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
芥	子
かい Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
kan'on

Kanji in this term
芥	子
かい > がい Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
irregular	kan'on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かいし [káꜜìshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠iɕi]

• (Tokyo) がいし [gáꜜìshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠iɕi]

Noun

芥(かい)子(し) or 芥(がい)子(し) • (kaishi or gaishi) 

1. (especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥(かい)子(し)園画伝(えんがでん) (Kaishi Engaden)
• 芥(かい)子(し)紙(し) (kaishishi)
• 芥(かい)子(し)精(せい) (kaishisei)
• 芥(かい)子(し)泥(でい) (kaishidei)
• 芥(かい)子(し)油(ゆ) (kaishiyu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
芥	子
け Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
罌粟

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けし [kèshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ɕi]

Noun

芥(け)子(し) or 芥子(ケシ) • (keshi) 

1. [from early 800s] (prefixed to nouns) something tiny
2. [from 940] (archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
3. [from 1400s] the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum; more broadly, any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy

   Synonym: ポピー (popī)

4. [from 1800s] Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots
5. [date uncertain] an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds
6. [from 1785] Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥子和(けしあ)え (keshi-ae)
• 芥子(けし)頭(あたま) (keshiatama)
• 芥子(ケシ)薊(アザミ) (keshiazami)
• 芥子(けし)油(あぶら) (keshi abura)
• 芥子(けし)尼(あま) (keshi ama)
• 芥子(けし)金(がね) (keshigane)
• 芥子(けし)鹿(か)の子(こ) (keshi kanoko)
• 芥子(けし)禿(かむろ) (keshikamuro)
• 芥子(けし)括(ぐく)り (keshigukuri)
• 芥子胡麻(けしごま) (keshigoma)
• 芥子(けし)粒(つぶ) (keshitsubu)
• 芥子酢(けしず) (keshizu)
• 芥子(けし)人形(にんぎょう) (keshi ningyō)
• 芥子繍(けしぬ)い (keshinui)
• 芥子(けし)の香(か) (keshi no ka)
• 芥子之(けしの)助(すけ) (Keshinosuke)
• 芥子(けし)雛(びな) (keshibina)
• 芥子(けし)坊主(ぼうず) (keshi bōzu)
• 芥子(けし)本(ぼん) (keshibon)
• 芥子(けし)餠(もち) (keshimochi)
• 芥子焼(けしや)き (keshiyaki)
• 芥子油(けしゆ) (keshiyu)
• お芥子(けし) (o-keshi)
• 鬼(オニ)芥子(ゲシ) (onigeshi)
• 小芥子(こけし) (kokeshi, “kokeshi doll”)
• 野芥子(ノゲシ) (nogeshi)
• 花(はな)芥子(げし) (hanageshi)
• 雛(ヒナ)芥子(ゲシ) (hinageshi)

Idioms

• 芥子(けし)に須弥(しゅみ)を蔵(ぞう)す (keshi ni shumi o zōsu, “store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object”)
• 芥子(けし)を千(ち)にも割(わ)る (keshi o chi ni mo waru, “cut a poppy seed into thousands → cut into fine pieces”)

See also

• 阿(あ)片(へん) (ahen, “opium”)

Proper noun

芥(け)子(し) • (Keshi) 

1. a surname