罽賓

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (罽賓)		罽	賓
simp. (罽宾)		罽	宾

Etymology

Unclear. Attested in the Book of Han (written c. 2nd century, referring to 1st century BCE events) as the name of a state or geographic region. Pulleyblank (1999) suggests connection with Kashmir. Later attestation in the Chinese Buddhist canon may refer to the same or a different lexical or geographic identity, for which Soothill and Hodous (1937) connect to Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā), Ancient Greek Κωφήν (Kōphḗn) (cf. Cophen, Kabul) while also mentioning the Han-era name's possible connection with Kashmir.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jìbīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄣ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jìbīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jìbin
    • Wade–Giles: Chi⁴-pin¹
    • Yale: Jì-bīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jihbin
    • Palladius: Цзибинь (Czibinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kjejH pjin

Rime
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居例切	必鄰切
Baxter	kjejH	pjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇiH/	/piɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛiH/	/pin/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæiH/	/pjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiajH/	/pin/
Li Rong	/kjɛiH/	/piĕn/
Wang Li	/kĭɛiH/	/pĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛiH/	/pi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì	bīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai3	ban1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[a][t]-s  pi[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krads  mpin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì	bīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjejH ›	‹ pjin ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)[a][t]-s/	/*pi[n]/
English	a kind of woolen fabric	guest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5856	837
Phonetic component	罽	賓
Rime group	祭	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	猘	賔
Old Chinese	/*krads/	/*mpin/
Notes		金文不從丏聲

Proper noun

罽賓

1. (historical) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. Kashmir
   2. Kabul (the river and the geographic region nearby)
   3. Capisa