生生

Chinese

		to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
simp. and trad. (生生)		生	生

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēngshēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄕㄥ

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâng-sâng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēngshēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shengsheng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹-shêng¹
    • Yale: shēng-shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengsheng
    • Palladius: шэншэн (šɛnšɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng-sâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: sang^ˊ sang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sang¹ sang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1	sang3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ  sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs  sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11312	11322
Phonetic component	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	生	生
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

Noun

生生

1. every generation
2. Alternative form of 猩猩 (xīngxing)

Verb

生生

1. to grow and multiply without end
2. to seek one's livelihood
3. to live

Adverb

生生

1. while still alive

Adjective

生生

1. vigorous
2. timid

Suffix

生生

1. expressive suffix

Derived terms

• 世世生生
• 怯生生
• 活生生 (huóshēngshēng)
• 生生不已
• 生生不息 (shēngshēngbùxī)
• 生生世世 (shēngshēngshìshì)
• 生生化化
• 白生生 (báishēngshēng)
• 硬生生 (yìngshēngshēng)
• 翠生生
• 薄生生