無業

Chinese

		not have	business; occupation; study
trad. (無業)		無	業
simp. (无业)		无	业

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wúyè

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ jip⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wúyè
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wúyè
    • Wade–Giles: wu²-yeh⁴
    • Yale: wú-yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuyeh
    • Palladius: уе (uje)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴ jip⁶
    • Yale: mòuh yihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ jip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ yib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ jiːp̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: mju ngjaep

Rime
Character	無	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	魚怯切
Baxter	mju	ngjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/mio/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4	jip6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma  [m-qʰ](r)[a]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ma  ŋab/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	業
Reading #	1/3	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ ngjæp ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/
English	not have	work (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	14819
Phonetic component	無	業
Rime group	魚	盍
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	無	業
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ŋab/

Verb

無業

1. to be out of work; to be unemployed

   無業遊民／无业游民  ―  wúyè yóumín  ―  vagrant

2. to have no property; to be dispossessed

   • 全然無業，即既無土地，又無資金，完全失去生活依據，不得不出外當兵，或出去做工，或打流當乞丐的，都是「赤貧」，占百分之二十。 [MSC, trad.]
     全然无业，即既无土地，又无资金，完全失去生活依据，不得不出外当兵，或出去做工，或打流当乞丐的，都是「赤贫」，占百分之二十。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Quánrán wúyè, jí jì wú tǔdì, yòu wú zījīn, wánquán shīqù shēnghuó yījù, bùdébù chūwài dāngbīng, huò chūqù zuògōng, huò dǎliú dāng qǐgài de, dōu shì “chìpín”, zhàn bǎifēn zhī èrshí. [Pinyin]

     The utterly destitute, comprising 20 per cent, are the completely dispossessed, that is, people who have neither land nor money, are without any means of livelihood, and are forced to leave home and become mercenaries or hired labourers or wandering beggars.

3. (historical) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

• 無業閑散／无业闲散