樓蘭

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (樓蘭)		樓	蘭
simp. (楼兰)		楼	兰

Etymology

From a name in the native language of the kingdom, possibly of the shape *Kro-ran. Compare Modern Uyghur كروران (kroran, “Loulan”), Russian Крорайна (Krorajna).

First attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Lóulán

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ laan⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lóulán
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lóulán
    • Wade–Giles: Lou²-lan²
    • Yale: Lóu-lán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Loulan
    • Palladius: Лоулань (Loulanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loʊ̯³⁵ län³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴ laan⁴
    • Yale: làuh làahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ laan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ lan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ laːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: luw lan

Rime
Character	樓	蘭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	落侯切	落干切
Baxter	luw	lan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləw/	/lan/
Li Rong	/lu/	/lɑn/
Wang Li	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lə̯u/	/lɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóu	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau4	laan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·roː  ɡ·raːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蘭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lán
Middle Chinese	‹ lan ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rˁan/
English	orchid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樓	蘭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8453	6119
Phonetic component	婁	柬
Rime group	侯	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	樓	蘭
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·roː/	/*ɡ·raːn/

Proper noun

樓蘭

1. (～國) Loulan Kingdom (an ancient kingdom in western China)
2. (～社區) Loulan (a residential community of Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China)