桄榔

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (桄榔)		桄	榔
alternative forms		桄桹

Etymology

Recorded in the Book of the Later Han, where it was described as a product of the Gouding kingdom in China's south. Ji Han (嵇含, died 307 CE), the author of Nanfang Caomu Zhuang (“Plants of the Southern Regions”), says:

Inside the bark there is a dust resembling flour, sometimes as much as several hu (斛 (hú)). When eaten it is just like ordinary flour.

This word was borrowed from a Kra-Dai language (Li, 2002). Compare Proto-Kra-Dai *klaŋ > Zhuang go'gvang (“palm tree”, go: plant prefix), Bouyei faixguangl (“palm tree”) (idem).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guāngláng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄌㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong¹ long⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-lông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guāngláng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄌㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guangláng
    • Wade–Giles: kuang¹-lang²
    • Yale: gwāng-láng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanglang
    • Palladius: гуанлан (guanlan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwong¹ long⁴
    • Yale: gwōng lòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwong¹ long⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: guong¹ long⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-lông
    • Tâi-lô: kong-lông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongloong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kwang lang

Rime
Character	桄	榔
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古黃切	魯當切
Baxter	kwang	lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaŋ/	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/kuɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kuɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guāng	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwong1	long4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːŋ  raːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	桄	榔
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	4509	8031
Phonetic component	光	良
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		郎
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːŋ/	/*raːŋ/

Noun

桄榔

1. sugar palm (Arenga pinnata)

Derived terms

• 桄榔酒
• 桄榔鬚／桄榔须