戾天

Chinese

		to reach	sky
trad. (戾天)		戾	天
simp. #(戾天)		戾	天

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lìtiān

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìtiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìtian
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴-tʻien¹
    • Yale: lì-tyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihtian
    • Palladius: литянь (litjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lejH|let then

Rime
Character	戾	戾	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	屑 (87)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	郎計切	練結切	他前切
Baxter	lejH	let	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leiH/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/leiH/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛiH/	/lɛt̚/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjH/	/lɛt̚/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/leiH/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/lieiH/	/liet̚/	/tʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieiH/	/liet̚/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì	liè	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai6	lit6	tin1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤe[t]-s  l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːds|rɯːd  qʰl'iːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戾	天	天
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	tiān	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ lejH ›	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁe[t]-s/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-)
English	transgress	heaven	heaven
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戾	戾	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	7942	7950	12387
Phonetic component	戾	戾	天
Rime group	隊	物	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	麗	𥸸	天
Old Chinese	/*rɯːds/	/*rɯːd/	/*qʰl'iːn/

Verb

戾天

1. (Classical) to reach the sky

   • 宛彼鳴鳩，翰飛戾天。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     宛彼鸣鸠，翰飞戾天。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wǎn bǐ míngjiū, hànfēi lìtiān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 翰飛戾天／翰飞戾天
• 鳶飛戾天／鸢飞戾天