小手工業者

Chinese

			‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)
trad. (小手工業者)		小手工業	者
simp. (小手工业者)		小手工业	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎoshǒugōngyèzhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄜˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshǒugōngyèzhě [Phonetic: xiáoshǒugōngyèzhě]
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshǒugongyèjhě
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao³-shou³-kung¹-yeh⁴-chê³
    • Yale: syǎu-shǒu-gūng-yè-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushoougongyehjee
    • Palladius: сяошоугунъечжэ (sjaošougunʺječžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun

小手工業者

1. small handicraftsperson (a person who owns a small amount of means of production and engages in small-scale manual production)

   • 小手工業者所以稱為半無產階級，是因為他們雖然自有簡單的生產手段，且係一種自由職業，但他們也常常被迫出賣一部分勞動力，其經濟地位略與農村中的貧農相當。 [MSC, trad.]
     小手工业者所以称为半无产阶级，是因为他们虽然自有简单的生产手段，且系一种自由职业，但他们也常常被迫出卖一部分劳动力，其经济地位略与农村中的贫农相当。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1925, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國社會各階級的分析》 (Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Xiǎoshǒugōngyèzhě suǒyǐ chēngwéi bànwúchǎnjiējí, shì yīnwèi tāmen suīrán zìyǒu jiǎndān de shēngchǎn shǒuduàn, qiě xì yī zhǒng zìyóu zhíyè, dàn tāmen yě chángcháng bèipò chūmài yībùfen láodònglì, qí jīngjì dìwèi lüè yǔ nóngcūn zhōng de pínnóng xiāngdāng. [Pinyin]

     The small handicraftspeople are called semi-proletarians because, though they own some simple means of production and moreover are self-employed, they too are often forced to sell part of their labour power and are somewhat similar to the poor peasants in economic status.