娑婆訶

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (娑婆訶)		娑	婆	訶
simp. (娑婆诃)		娑	婆	诃
alternative forms		薩婆訶／萨婆诃

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वाहा (svāhā).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sàpóhē

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ ㄏㄜ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sàpóhē
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ ㄏㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sàpóhe
    • Wade–Giles: sa⁴-pʻo²-ho¹
    • Yale: sà-pwó-hē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sahporhe
    • Palladius: сапохэ (sapoxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sa ba xa

Rime
Character	娑	婆	訶
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	並 (3)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	素何切	薄波切	虎何切
Baxter	sa	ba	xa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑ/	/buɑ/	/hɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑ/	/buɑ/	/hɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑ/	/buɑ/	/xɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sa/	/bwa/	/ha/
Li Rong	/sɑ/	/buɑ/	/xɑ/
Wang Li	/sɑ/	/buɑ/	/xɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑ/	/bʱuɑ/	/xɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suō	pó	hē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	so1	po4	ho1

Interjection

娑婆訶

1. (Buddhism, Hinduism) svaha (said during oblation)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (娑婆訶):

• → Japanese: 薩(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) (sowaka)
• → Korean: 사바하(娑婆訶) (sabaha)
• → Vietnamese: ta bà ha (娑婆訶)