勉勵

See also: 勉励

Chinese

		exhort	exhort
trad. (勉勵)		勉	勵
simp. (勉励)		勉	励

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miǎnlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵ lai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miên-li
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián-lē

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎnlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnlì
    • Wade–Giles: mien³-li⁴
    • Yale: myǎn-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanlih
    • Palladius: мяньли (mjanʹli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 勉力 勉勵 / 勉励

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: min⁵ lai⁶
    • Yale: míhn laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ lɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên-li
    • Hakka Romanization System: mien^ˊ li
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mian¹ li⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-lē
    • Tâi-lô: bián-lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biefnle
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ le⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le³³/

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• Middle Chinese: mjenX ljejH

Rime
Character	勉	勵
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	亡辨切	力制切
Baxter	mjenX	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇnX/	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛnX/	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/miænX/	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mianX/	/liajH/
Li Rong	/mjɛnX/	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/mĭɛnX/	/lĭɛiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛnX/	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min5	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ  m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjenX ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English	make an effort
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勉	勵
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9068	12622
Phonetic component	免	萬
Rime group	元	祭
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	免	例
Old Chinese	/*mronʔ/	/*m·rads/

Verb

勉勵

1. to encourage; to urge

Synonyms

edit

• 勸 / 劝 (quàn)
• 勗勉 / 勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
• 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì)
• 砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
• 鼓動 / 鼓动 (gǔdòng)
• 鼓勵 / 鼓励 (gǔlì)
• 鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)

Related terms

• 勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
• 勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)