使民

Chinese

		to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (使民)		使	民

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǐmín

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǐmín
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǐhmín
    • Wade–Giles: shih³-min²
    • Yale: shř-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyymin
    • Palladius: шиминь (šiminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sriX mjin

Rime
Character	使	民
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	踈士切	彌鄰切
Baxter	sriX	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃɨX/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃɨX/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃieX/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂɨX/	/min/
Li Rong	/ʃiəX/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/ʃĭəX/	/mĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂiX/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si2	man4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ  mi[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*srɯʔ  min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	使	民
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǐ	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ sriX ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*s-rəʔ/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	send; cause	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	使	民
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11488	9130
Phonetic component	史	民
Rime group	之	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	史	民
Old Chinese	/*srɯʔ/	/*min/

Verb

使民

1. (Classical) to rule people

   • 故曰察能授官，班祿賜予，使民之機也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故曰察能授官，班禄赐予，使民之机也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Gù yuē chá néng shòu guān, bānlù cìyǔ, shǐmín zhī jī yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 堯立孝慈仁愛，使民如子弟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     尧立孝慈仁爱，使民如子弟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Yáo lì xiàocí rén'ài, shǐmín rú zǐdì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)