佛體

Chinese

		Buddha; Buddhism	body; form; style body; form; style; system
trad. (佛體)		佛	體
simp. (佛体)		佛	体

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fútǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄧˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fútǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fútǐ
    • Wade–Giles: fu²-tʻi³
    • Yale: fú-tǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwutii
    • Palladius: фути (futi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: bjut thejX

Rime
Character	佛	體
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	物 (60)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	符弗切	他禮切
Baxter	bjut	thejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨut̚/	/tʰeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/biut̚/	/tʰeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/biuət̚/	/tʰɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/but̚/	/tʰɛjX/
Li Rong	/biuət̚/	/tʰeiX/
Wang Li	/bĭuət̚/	/tʰieiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uət̚/	/tʰieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú	tǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fat6	tai2

Noun

佛體

1. (Buddhism) the body of the Buddha or of a Buddha statue

   Synonym: 佛身

Old Korean

Alternative forms

• 佛知 (*PWUti?) (together with the genitive or nominative marker -i)
• 佛止 (see below)

Etymology

From Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye. See there for more.

Proper noun

佛體 (*PWUthye)

1. Buddha
   • c. 965, 均如 (Gyunyeo), “普皆廻向歌 (Bogaehoehyang-ga)”, in 均如傳 (Gyunyeo-jeon) [Works of Gyunyeo]:

     佛體叱海等成留焉日尸

     *PWUthye-s PAtol Il-wo-n NAlh

     the day when the ocean of the Buddha was accomplished

   • c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, pages 07:18—19:

     現在^良中隱幾^叱亇叱佛^體/止[有]^在賜下

     *HYEN.CAI-akuy-n MYEs mas PWUthye kye-si-ha

     There being several Buddhas as of present

     (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)

   • c. 1200, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 14, page 04.23:

     佛^知善根^乙長^爲飛立

     *PWUti SYEN.KUN-ur TYANG-ho-no-sye

     May you lengthen the Buddha's roots of goodness

     (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)

Reconstruction notes

The abbreviated phonogram used to write the second syllable of this word in Old Korean glosses to the Buddhist canon, which was apparently not used in any other word, has been interpreted as an abbreviation of both 體／体 and 止 (zhǐ). The form 佛體 is attested in non-abbreviated form in the hyangga poems of the tenth-century monk Gyunyeo (given below), while the form 佛止 has not been independently attested.

The reconstructed Proto-Korean ancestor of this word is *Pwutukye, *Pwutokye, and the attested fifteenth-century Middle Korean form of this word is 부텨 (Pwùthyè). Meanwhile, the Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, and Middle Sino-Korean values of the attested phonograms are as follows:

Character	OC	MC	MSK
體／体	*/r̥ˤijʔ/	/tʰ(j)eiX/	톄〯 (thyěy)
止 (zhǐ)	*/təʔ/	/t͡ɕɨX/	지〯 (cǐ)
知	*/tre/	/ʈiᴇ/	디 (tì)

The conventional reconstruction is simply as *PWUthye, after the Middle Korean form, but the Old Korean phonogramic evidence remains unclear as to the precise shape of the second syllable.

Given the nature of the environments in which 佛知 appears, it is possible that it actually represented a different word for the Buddha, theoretically perhaps */put/.

Descendants

• Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
  • Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
  • Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
  • Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
  • Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)

References

• 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyeon) (2008) “釋(석)讀(독)口(구)訣(결)에 쓰인 支의 形(형)態(태)와 機(기)能(능)에 대하여 [On the forms and functions of the character 支 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 20, pages 93—121
• 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, page 200
• 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN