あたえる
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Japanese
[edit]Alternative spelling |
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与える |
Etymology
[edit]/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/
Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb 与う (atau, “to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form 当た (ata) of root verb 当つ (atsu, modern 当てる (ateru, “to put one thing against another”)) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]
Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「与える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
与える | あたえる | [àtáérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 与えろ | あたえろ | [àtáéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 与えられる | あたえられる | [àtáérárérú] |
Causative | 与えさせる | あたえさせる | [àtáésásérú] |
Potential | 与えられる | あたえられる | [àtáérárérú] |
Volitional | 与えよう | あたえよー | [àtáéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 与えない | あたえない | [àtáénáí] |
Negative perfective | 与えなかった | あたえなかった | [àtáénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 与えます | あたえます | [àtáémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 与えた | あたえた | [àtáétá] |
Conjunctive | 与えて | あたえて | [àtáété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 与えれば | あたえれば | [àtáéréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]あたえる • (ataeru) ←あたへる (ataferu)?transitive ichidan (stem あたえ (atae), past あたえた (ataeta))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "あたえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | あたえ | atae | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | あたえ | atae | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | あたえる | ataeru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | あたえる | ataeru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | あたえれ | ataere | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | あたえよ¹ あたえろ² |
ataeyo¹ ataero² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | あたえられる | ataerareru | ||
Causative | あたえさせる あたえさす |
ataesaseru ataesasu | ||
Potential | あたえられる あたえれる³ |
ataerareru ataereru³ | ||
Volitional | あたえよう | ataeyō | ||
Negative | あたえない あたえぬ あたえん |
ataenai ataenu ataen | ||
Negative continuative | あたえず | ataezu | ||
Formal | あたえます | ataemasu | ||
Perfective | あたえた | ataeta | ||
Conjunctive | あたえて | ataete | ||
Hypothetical conditional | あたえれば | ataereba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Related terms
[edit]- 値 (atai): appropriate worth or value
- 当たる (ataru): to hit or strike against something
- 宛 (ate): (suffix) addressed to