ἄγος

See also: ἀγός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Most commonly explained as from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égos, from *h₂eg-, with cognates such as Sanskrit आगस् (ā́gas) and Old English acan (English ache) (i.e. Beekes, Pokorny). However, Chantraine prefers a relation to ἅγιος (hágios, “holy”), in which case cognate to Sanskrit यजस् (yájas, “worship, sacrifice”) with unexplained initial deaspiration.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.ɡos/ → /ˈa.ɣos/ → /ˈa.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣos/

Noun

ᾰ̓́γος • (ágos) n (genitive ᾰ̓́γεος or ᾰ̓́γους); third declension

1. awe, reverence, dread
2. curse, pollution, guilt
3. abomination
4. expiatory sacrifice

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́γος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́γεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ágos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει / ᾰ̓́γεε tṑ ágei / ágee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ tà ágea
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́γεος / ᾰ̓́γευς toû ágeos / ágeus	τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν toîn agéoin	τῶν ᾰ̓γέων tôn agéōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́γει / ᾰ̓́γεῐ̈ tôi ágei / ágeï	τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν toîn agéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́γεσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσῐν toîsi(n) ágesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ágos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει / ᾰ̓́γεε tṑ ágei / ágee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ tà ágea
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γος ágos	ᾰ̓́γει / ᾰ̓́γεε ágei / ágee	ᾰ̓́γεᾰ ágea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́γος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́γους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ágos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ágei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη tà ágē
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́γους toû ágous	τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν toîn agoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓γῶν tôn agôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́γει tôi ágei	τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν toîn agoîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓́γεσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσῐν toîs ágesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ágos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ágei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη tà ágē
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γος ágos	ᾰ̓́γει ágei	ᾰ̓́γη ágē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “ἄγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἄγος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄγος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abomination idem, page 2.
  • blood-guiltiness idem, page 84.
  • contamination idem, page 166.
  • curse idem, page 191.
  • defilement idem, page 205.
  • desecration idem, page 215.
  • guilt idem, page 378.
  • infection idem, page 437.
  • plague-spot idem, page 616.
  • pollution idem, page 625.
  • stain idem, page 809.
  • taint idem, page 852.