ἅγιος
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See also: άγιος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *hágijos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yáǵ-yo-s, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /há.ɡi.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)a.ɡi.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
Adjective
[edit]ἅγιος • (hágios) m (feminine ἁγίᾱ, neuter ἅγῐον); first/second declension
- devoted to the gods
- of things: sacred, holy
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.41.5:
- ἐν ταύτῃ ὦ τῇ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ ἔνεισι μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι πόλιες συχναί, ἐκ τῆς δὲ αἱ βάριες παραγίνονται ἀναιρησόμεναι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν βοῶν, οὔνομα τῇ πόλι Ἀτάρβηχις, ἐν δ’ αὐτῇ Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον ἵδρυται.
- en taútēi ô têi Prosōpítidi nḗsōi éneisi mèn kaì állai pólies sukhnaí, ek tês dè hai báries paragínontai anairēsómenai tà ostéa tôn boôn, oúnoma têi póli Atárbēkhis, en d’ autêi Aphrodítēs hiròn hágion hídrutai.
- 1920 translation by A. D. Godley
- There are many other towns on Prosopitis; the one from which the boats come to gather the bones of the bulls is called Atarbekhis; a temple of Aphrodite stands in it of great sanctity.
- ἐν ταύτῃ ὦ τῇ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ ἔνεισι μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι πόλιες συχναί, ἐκ τῆς δὲ αἱ βάριες παραγίνονται ἀναιρησόμεναι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν βοῶν, οὔνομα τῇ πόλι Ἀτάρβηχις, ἐν δ’ αὐτῇ Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον ἵδρυται.
- of people: holy, pious, pure
- accursed
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἅγῐος hágios |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Genitive | ἁγῐ́ου hagíou |
ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās |
ἁγῐ́ου hagíou |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn | |||||
Dative | ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́ᾳ hagíāi |
ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́οις hagíois |
ἁγῐ́αις hagíais |
ἁγῐ́οις hagíois | |||||
Accusative | ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ᾱν hagíān |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ους hagíous |
ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Vocative | ἅγῐε hágie |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs |
ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros |
ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἅγῐος hágios |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Genitive | ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn |
ἁγῐᾶν hagiân |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn | |||||
Dative | ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́ᾳ hagíāi |
ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́οις hagíois |
ἁγῐ́αις hagíais |
ἁγῐ́οις hagíois | |||||
Accusative | ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ᾱν hagíān |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs |
ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās |
ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs | |||||
Vocative | ἅγῐε hágie |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs |
ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros |
ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἅγῐος hágios |
ἁγῐ́η hagíē |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Genitive | ἁγῐ́ου hagíou |
ἁγῐ́ης hagíēs |
ἁγῐ́ου hagíou |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn |
ἁγῐέων / ἁγῐῶν hagiéōn / hagiôn |
ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn | |||||
Dative | ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́ῃ hagíēi |
ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain |
ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin |
ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις hagíoisi(n) / hagíois |
ἁγῐ́ῃσῐ / ἁγῐ́ῃσῐν hagíēisi(n) |
ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις hagíoisi(n) / hagíois | |||||
Accusative | ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ην hagíēn |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ους hagíous |
ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Vocative | ἅγῐε hágie |
ἁγῐ́η hagíē |
ἅγῐον hágion |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā |
ἁγῐ́ω hagíō |
ἅγῐοι hágioi |
ἅγῐαι hágiai |
ἅγῐᾰ hágia | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs |
ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros |
ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]ἅγιος • (hágios) m (genitive ἁγίου); second declension
- (Koine, biblical) A Christian
- 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:1:
- Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;
- Tolmâi tis humôn, prâgma ékhōn pròs tòn héteron, krínesthai epì tôn adíkōn kaì oukhì epì tôn hagíōn;
- Translation by King James Version
- Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?
- Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;
- (Koine, Byzantine) a saint
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἅγιος ho hágios |
οἱ ἅγιοι hoi hágioi | |||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἁγίου toû hagíou |
τῶν ἁγίων tôn hagíōn | |||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἁγίῳ tôi hagíōi |
τοῖς ἁγίοις toîs hagíois | |||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἅγιον tòn hágion |
τοὺς ἁγίους toùs hagíous | |||||||||||
Vocative | ἅγιε hágie |
ἅγιοι hágioi | |||||||||||
Notes: |
|
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἅγιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 11-2
Further reading
[edit]- “ἅγιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅγιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἅγιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἅγιος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G40 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁yaǵ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
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- Ancient Greek nouns
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- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Koine Greek
- grc:Bible
- Byzantine Greek