ḫꜣꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːʀaʕ/ → /ˈχaːʀaʕ/ → /ˈχaːʔəʕ/ → /ˈχoːʔəʕ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːʀaʕ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːʀaʕ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːʔəʕ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχoːʔəʕ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑʔɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: khaa

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to throw down
2. (transitive) to cast aside, to discard
3. (transitive) to kill
4. (transitive) to abandon (property)
5. (transitive) to send (a message)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜣꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣꜥ, geminated stem: ḫꜣꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥw, ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥt	ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜣꜥ	ḥr ḫꜣꜥ	m ḫꜣꜥ	r ḫꜣꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜣꜥ.n	ḫꜣꜥw, ḫꜣꜥ	consecutive	ḫꜣꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫꜣꜥt
perfective3	ḫꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḫꜣꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥꜥ	potentialis1	ḫꜣꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜣꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥw5, ḫꜣꜥy5
imperfective	ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥy, ḫꜣꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥj6, ḫꜣꜥy6	ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥw5
prospective	ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥtj7	—	ḫꜣꜥtj4, ḫꜣꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣꜥ  

ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥ	ḫꜣꜥ

Derived terms

• ḫꜣꜥ mꜣwy n (“turn attention to”)
• ḫꜣꜥ r bnr m (“throw out of”)
• ḫꜣꜥ ḥꜣ (“leave behind”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣ
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲟⲩ (kou)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲱ (khō)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō), ⲕⲟⲩ (kou)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō), ⲕⲟⲩ (kou), ⲕⲱⲉ (kōe)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō)

References

• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 98
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 183–184