ḫꜣ

See also: ḥꜣ, and hꜣ

Egyptian

Egyptian numbers ^(edit)

←  100	←  200	𓆼 1,000	10,000  →	1,000,000 (106)  →
		100
Cardinal: ḫꜣ     Ordinal: mḥ-ḫꜣ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /χaʀ/ → /χaʀ/ → /χaʔ/ → /χaʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaʔ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: kha

Numeral

1. one thousand
2. (by extension) herd

Inflection

Declension of ḫꜣ

	masculine	feminine
singular	ḫꜣ	—

Derived terms

• ḥꜣt ḫꜣ (“shepherd”)
• ḫꜣw (“thousands, a multitude”)
• ḫꜣ-tꜣ (“a decaroura, a measure of area equivalent to 2.76 hectares.”)

 

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲟ (xo)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟ (šo)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲁ (ša)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲟ (šo)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟ (šo)

Etymology 2

Noun

 m

1. government office

Inflection

Declension of ḫꜣ (masculine)

singular	ḫꜣ
dual	ḫꜣwj
plural	ḫꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣ  

ḫꜣ	ḫ	ḫꜣ	ḫꜣ	ḫꜣ	ḫꜣ

Etymology 3

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be young
2. (intransitive) to be small

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣ, geminated stem: ḫꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫꜣ	ḫꜣw, ḫꜣ	ḫꜣt	ḫꜣ, j.ḫꜣ	ḫꜣ, j.ḫꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜣ	ḥr ḫꜣ	m ḫꜣ	r ḫꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḫꜣ.n	consecutive	ḫꜣ.jn
terminative	ḫꜣt
perfective3	ḫꜣ	obligative1	ḫꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	ḫꜣ, j.ḫꜣ1
prospective3	ḫꜣ	potentialis1	ḫꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḫꜣ, j.ḫꜣ1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	ḫꜣ	ḫꜣ	ḫꜣꜣ, ḫꜣꜣj6, ḫꜣ2, ḫꜣw2 5, ḫꜣy2 5
imperfective	j.ḫꜣ1, ḫꜣ, ḫꜣy, ḫꜣw5	j.ḫꜣ1, j.ḫꜣw1 5, ḫꜣ, ḫꜣj6, ḫꜣy6	ḫꜣ, ḫꜣw5
prospective	ḫꜣ, ḫꜣtj7	ḫꜣtj4, ḫꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN