ϣⲁ

Coptic

Etymology 1

From Demotic ḫꜣ (“thousand”), from Egyptian (ḫꜣ, “thousand”).

Alternative forms

• ϣⲟ (šo) — Bohairic, Sahidic, Lycopolitan
• ⳉⲟ (xo) — Akhmimic

Numeral

ϣⲁ • (ša)

1. (Fayyumic) one thousand

Etymology 2

From Demotic šry (“nose”), from Egyptian (šrt, “nostril, nose”).

Alternative forms

• ϣⲉ (še) — Sahidic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic
• ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ (šantf) — Sahidic
• ϣⲁⲓ (šai) — Bohairic
• ϣⲉⲉ (šee) — Fayyumic, Akhmimic

Noun

ϣⲁ • (ša) m (pronominal form ϣⲁⲛⲧ⸗ (šant⸗) or ϣⲁⲁⲛⲧ⸗ (šaant⸗) or ϣⲁⲁⲧ⸗ (šaat⸗) or ϣⲁⲧ⸗ (šat⸗) or ϣⲉⲛⲧ⸗ (šent⸗) or ϣⲛⲧ⸗ (šnt⸗))

1. (Sahidic) nose

Etymology 3

From Demotic ḫꜥ (“rise”), from Egyptian (ḫꜥj, “to rise”).

Alternative forms

• ϣⲁⲉ (šae) — Sahidic
• ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei), ϣⲉⲓ (šei) — Fayyumic
• ϣⲁⲓ (šai) — Bohairic
• ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie) — Lycopolitan
• ⳉⲁⲉ (xae) — Akhmimic

Verb

ϣⲁ • (ša)

1. (Sahidic) to rise (of celestial bodies)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϣⲁ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ϣⲁ ša	imperative	affirmative	ϣⲁ ša
	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ϣⲁ tm̄ša		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲁ m̄pr̄ša

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯϣⲁ tiša	ⲕϣⲁ kša	ⲧⲉϣⲁ teša	ϥϣⲁ fša	ⲥϣⲁ sša	ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ tn̄ša	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ tetn̄ša	ⲥⲉϣⲁ seša	ϣⲁ ša
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ eïša	ⲉⲕϣⲁ ekša	ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ ereša	ⲉϥϣⲁ efša	ⲉⲥϣⲁ esša	ⲉⲛϣⲁ enša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etetn̄ša	ⲉⲩϣⲁ euša	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ ere- ša
	relative		ⲉϯϣⲁ etiša	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ etk̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ eteša, etereša	ⲉⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ etf̄ša	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ ets̄ša	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etetn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ etouša	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ etere- ša
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ neïša	ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ nekša	ⲛⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ nereša	ⲛⲉϥϣⲁ nefša	ⲛⲉⲥϣⲁ nesša	ⲛⲉⲛϣⲁ nenša	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ netetn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲩϣⲁ neuša	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ nere- ša
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁϣⲁ tinaša	ⲕⲛⲁϣⲁ knaša	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ tenaša	ϥⲛⲁϣⲁ fnaša	ⲥⲛⲁϣⲁ snaša	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ tn̄naša	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲁ tetnaša	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ senaša	ⲛⲁϣⲁ naša
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲁ eïnaša	ⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲁ eknaša	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ erenaša	ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁ efnaša	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁ esnaša	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁ ennaša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲁ etetnaša	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲁ eunaša	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁ ere- naša
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲁ etinaša	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ etk̄naša	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ etenaša, eterenaša	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ etf̄naša	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ ets̄naša	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ etn̄naša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲁ etetnaša	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲁ etounaša	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁ etere- naša
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲁ neïnaša	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲁ neknaša	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁ nerenaša	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁ nefnaša	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁ nesnaša	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁ nennaša	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲁ netetnaša	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲁ neunaša	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁ nere- naša
negated with			(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ aïša	ⲁⲕϣⲁ akša	ⲁϣⲁ, ⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ aša, arša, areša	ⲁϥϣⲁ afša	ⲁⲥϣⲁ asša	ⲁⲛϣⲁ anša	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ atetn̄ša	ⲁⲩϣⲁ auša	ⲁ- ϣⲁ a- ša
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲁ m̄piša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲁ m̄pk̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲁ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲁ m̄peša, m̄pr̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲁ m̄pf̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲁ m̄ps̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲁ m̄pn̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ m̄petn̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁ m̄pouša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁ m̄pe- ša
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ eaïša	ⲉⲁⲕϣⲁ eakša	ⲉⲁϣⲁ, ⲉⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ eaša, earša, eareša	ⲉⲁϥϣⲁ eafša	ⲉⲁⲥϣⲁ easša	ⲉⲁⲛϣⲁ eanša	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ eatetn̄ša	ⲉⲁⲩϣⲁ eauša	ⲉⲁ- ϣⲁ ea- ša
		negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲁ em̄piša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲁ em̄pk̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲁ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲁ em̄peša, em̄pr̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲁ em̄pf̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲁ em̄ps̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲁ em̄pn̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ em̄petn̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁ em̄pouša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁ em̄pe- ša
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ entaïša, n̄taïša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲁ entakša, n̄takša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲁ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ entaša, n̄taša, entarša, n̄tarša, entareša, n̄tareša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲁ entafša, n̄tafša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲁ entasša, n̄tasša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁ entanša, n̄tanša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ entatetn̄ša, n̄tatetn̄ša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲁ entauša, n̄tauša	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲁ enta- ša, n̄ta- ša
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲁ etem̄piša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲁ etem̄pk̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲁ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲁ etem̄peša, etem̄pr̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲁ etem̄pf̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲁ etem̄ps̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲁ etem̄pn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etem̄petn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁ etem̄pouša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁ etem̄pe- ša
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ neaïša	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲁ neakša	ⲛⲉⲁϣⲁ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ neaša, nearša, neareša	ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲁ neafša	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲁ neasša	ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲁ neanša	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ neatetn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲁ neauša	ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲁ nea- ša
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲁ nem̄piša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲁ nem̄pk̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲁ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲁ nem̄peša, nem̄pr̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲁ nem̄pf̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲁ nem̄ps̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲁ nem̄pn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ nem̄petn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁ nem̄pouša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁ nem̄pe- ša
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ n̄taïša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲁ n̄takša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ n̄taša, n̄tarša, n̄tareša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲁ n̄tafša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲁ n̄tasša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁ n̄tanša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ n̄tatetn̄ša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲁ n̄tauša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲁ n̄ta- ša
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲁ m̄patiša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ m̄patk̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁ m̄pateša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ m̄patf̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ m̄pats̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ m̄patn̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ m̄patetn̄ša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ m̄patouša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ m̄pate- ša
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲁ em̄patiša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ em̄patk̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁ em̄pateša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ em̄patf̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ em̄pats̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ em̄patn̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ em̄patetn̄ša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ em̄patouša	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ em̄pate- ša
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲁ etem̄patiša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ etem̄patk̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁ etem̄pateša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ etem̄patf̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ etem̄pats̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etem̄patn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etem̄patetn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ etem̄patouša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ etem̄pate- ša
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲁ nem̄patiša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ nem̄patk̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁ nem̄pateša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ nem̄patf̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ nem̄pats̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ nem̄patn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ nem̄patetn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ nem̄patouša	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ nem̄pate- ša
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ šaïša	ϣⲁⲕϣⲁ šakša	ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ šareša	ϣⲁϥϣⲁ šafša	ϣⲁⲥϣⲁ šasša	ϣⲁⲛϣⲁ šanša	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ šatetn̄ša	ϣⲁⲩϣⲁ šauša	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ šare- ša
		negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ meïša	ⲙⲉⲕϣⲁ mekša	ⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ mereša	ⲙⲉϥϣⲁ mefša	ⲙⲉⲥϣⲁ mesša	ⲙⲉⲛϣⲁ menša	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ metetn̄ša	ⲙⲉⲩϣⲁ meuša	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ mere- ša
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ ešaïša	ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲁ ešakša	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ ešareša	ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲁ ešafša	ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲁ ešasša	ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁ ešanša	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ ešatetn̄ša	ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲁ ešauša	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ ešare- ša
		negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ emeïša	ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲁ emekša	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ emereša	ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲁ emefša	ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲁ emesša	ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲁ emenša	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ emetetn̄ša	ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲁ emeuša	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ emere- ša
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ etešaïša, ešaïša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲁ etešakša, ešakša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ etešareša, ešareša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲁ etešafša, ešafša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲁ etešasša, ešasša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁ etešanša, ešanša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etešatetn̄ša, ešatetn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲁ etešauša, ešauša	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ etešare- ša, ešare- ša
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ etemeïša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲁ etemekša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ etemereša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲁ etemefša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲁ etemesša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲁ etemenša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etemetetn̄ša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲁ etemeuša	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ etemere- ša
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁ nešaïša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲁ nešakša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ nešareša	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϣⲁ nešafša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲁ nešasša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁ nešanša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ nešatetn̄ša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲁ nešauša	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ nešare- ša
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ nemeïša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲁ nemekša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ nemereša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲁ nemefša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲁ nemesša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲁ nemenša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ nemetetn̄ša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲁ nemeuša	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ nemere- ša
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ emeïša	ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲁ emekša	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ emereša	ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲁ emefša	ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲁ emesša	ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲁ emenša	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ emetetn̄ša	ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲁ emeuša	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ emere- ša
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϣⲁ eïeša	ⲉⲕⲉϣⲁ ekeša	ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ ereša	ⲉϥⲉϣⲁ efeša	ⲉⲥⲉϣⲁ eseša	ⲉⲛⲉϣⲁ eneša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϣⲁ etetneša	ⲉⲩⲉϣⲁ eueša	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ ere- ša
		negative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲁ n̄naša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ n̄nekša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϣⲁ n̄neša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϣⲁ n̄nefša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϣⲁ n̄nesša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϣⲁ n̄nenša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ n̄netn̄ša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲁ n̄neuša	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϣⲁ n̄ne- ša
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲁ mariša	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲁ marefša	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲁ maresša	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲁ marn̄ša	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲁ marouša	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ mare- ša
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϣⲁ m̄pr̄traša			ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲁ m̄pr̄trefša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲁ m̄pr̄tresša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϣⲁ m̄pr̄trenša		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲁ m̄pr̄treuša	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ m̄pr̄tre- ša
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲁ, ⲧⲁϣⲁ n̄taša, taša	ⲛ̄ⲅϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲕϣⲁ n̄gša, n̄kša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϣⲁ n̄teša	ⲛ̄ϥϣⲁ n̄fša	ⲛ̄ⲥϣⲁ n̄sša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ n̄tn̄ša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ n̄tetn̄ša	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲁ n̄seša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ n̄te- ša
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲁ tariša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲁ tarekša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁ tareša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲁ tarefša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲁ taresša	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲁ tarn̄ša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ taretn̄ša	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲁ tarouša	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ tare- ša
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϣⲁ n̄teriša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϣⲁ n̄terekša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϣⲁ n̄tereša, n̄tererša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϣⲁ n̄terefša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϣⲁ n̄teresša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϣⲁ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϣⲁ n̄tern̄ša, n̄terenša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ n̄teretn̄ša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϣⲁ n̄terouša	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ n̄tere- ša
limitative			ϣⲁⲛϯϣⲁ šantiša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϣⲁ šantk̄ša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϣⲁ šanteša	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϣⲁ šantf̄ša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϣⲁ šants̄ša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ šantn̄ša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ šantetn̄ša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲁ šantouša	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲁ šante- ša
conditional	long		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϣⲁ eïšanša	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲁ ekšanša	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϣⲁ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁ eršanša, erešanša	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣⲁ efšanša	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲁ esšanša	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲁ enšanša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϣⲁ etetn̄šanša	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲁ eušanša	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲁ eršan- ša
	short		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁ eïša	ⲉⲕϣⲁ ekša	ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁ ereša	ⲉϥϣⲁ efša	ⲉⲥϣⲁ esša	ⲉⲛϣⲁ enša	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁ etetn̄ša	ⲉⲩϣⲁ euša	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁ ere- ša
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

References

• Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎^[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 542, 543
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 206
• TLA lemma no. C5679 (ϣⲁ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), [2]
• TLA lemma no. C5691 (ϣⲁ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), [3]