ḫꜥj

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hj"

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ → /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ → /ˈχeʕja/ → /ˈχeʕjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ (infinitive); IPA^(key): /χaʕˈja/ (subjunctive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʕja/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʕjə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: khai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to rise
2. (intransitive) to appear (in glory)
3. (intransitive) to shine forth
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13:

     
     

     ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

     One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫꜥ, geminated stem: ḫꜥꜥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḫꜥt, ḫꜥj ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ ḫꜥt, ḫꜥwt, ḫꜥyt ḫꜥ ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḫꜥ8, ḫꜥꜥ8 ḥr ḫꜥt, ḥr ḫꜥj m ḫꜥt, m ḫꜥj r ḫꜥt, r ḫꜥj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ḫꜥ.n consecutive ḫꜥ.jn terminative ḫꜥt, ḫꜥyt perfective3 ḫꜥ obligative1 ḫꜥ.ḫr imperfective ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy prospective3 ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy potentialis1 ḫꜥ.kꜣ subjunctive ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ḫꜥ.n — — perfective ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ ḫꜥ ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ imperfective ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥy, ḫꜥꜥw5 ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥj6, ḫꜥꜥy6 ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥw5 prospective ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥtj7 ḫꜥwtj1 4, ḫꜥtj4, ḫꜥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜥj  

ḫꜥj	ḫꜥj
	[Pyramid Texts, 18th Dynasty, Late and Greco-Roman Periods]

Derived terms

• pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-nwt
• nb-ḫꜥw
• ḫꜥ.f-rꜥ
• ḫꜥyt
• ḫꜥw
• ḫꜥ-bꜣ
• ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst
• sḫꜥj
• sḫm-pḥtj-ḏsr-ḫꜥw
• kꜣ-nḫt-ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

Descendants

• Demotic: ḫꜥ
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲁⲉ (xae)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁⲓ (šai)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁ (ša)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN