জঙ্গল

Assamese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit জঙ্গল (jaṅgala).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zɔŋ.ɡɔl/

Noun

জঙ্গল • (zoṅgol)

1. forest; wilderness

Declension

Declension of জঙ্গল
nominative	জঙ্গল / জঙ্গলে zoṅgol / zoṅgole
genitive	জঙ্গলৰ zoṅgolor
nominative	জঙ্গল / জঙ্গলে zoṅgol / zoṅgole
accusative	জঙ্গল / জঙ্গলক zoṅgol / zoṅgolok
dative	জঙ্গললৈ zoṅgololoi
terminative	জঙ্গললৈকে zoṅgololoike
instrumental	জঙ্গলে / জঙ্গলেৰে zoṅgole / zoṅgolere
genitive	জঙ্গলৰ zoṅgolor
locative	জঙ্গলত zoṅgolot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural. Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc. Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive. Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too. Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common. Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese. Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

References

• “জঙ্গল”, in Candrakānta abhidhāna: Asamīyā śabdara butpatti āru udāharaṇere Asamīyā-Ingrājī dui bhashara artha thakā abhidhāna [Comprehensive dictionary of the Assamese language with etymology and illustrations of words with their meanings in Assamese and English], 2^nd edition, Guwahati: Gauhati University, 1962, →OCLC.

Bengali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit জঙ্গল (jaṅgala, “arid, sterile”). Cognate with Hindustani جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal) / जंगल (jaṅgal), Marathi जंगल (jaṅgal), Nepali जङ्गल (jaṅgal), Persian جنگل (jangal), Tamil ஜங்கிள் (jaṅkiḷ), Kannada ಜಂಗಲು (jaṅgalu), Telugu జంగిల్ (jaṅgil), English jungle.

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɔnɡol/, [ˈd͡ʒɔnɡol]

  Audio:

  (file)

• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /dʑɔnɡol/, [ˈdʑɔnɡol]

  Audio:

  (file)

• (Vanga) IPA^(key): /d̪zɔnɡol/, [ˈd̪zɔnɡol], [ˈzɔnɡol]

Noun

জঙ্গল • (joṅgol)

1. jungle, forest

   জঙ্গলে অনেক বাঘ থাকে।

   joṅgole onek bagh thake.

   Many tigers live in the jungle.

Inflection

Inflection of জঙ্গল
nominative	জঙ্গল joṅgol
objective	জঙ্গল / জঙ্গলকে joṅgol (semantically general or indefinite) / joṅgolke (semantically definite)
genitive	জঙ্গলের joṅgoler
locative	জঙ্গলে joṅgole
	Indefinite forms
nominative	জঙ্গল joṅgol
objective	জঙ্গল / জঙ্গলকে joṅgol (semantically general or indefinite) / joṅgolke (semantically definite)
genitive	জঙ্গলের joṅgoler
locative	জঙ্গলে joṅgole
	Definite forms
	singular		plural
nominative	জঙ্গলটা , জঙ্গলটি joṅgolṭa (colloquial), joṅgolṭi (formal)		জঙ্গলগুলা, জঙ্গলগুলো joṅgolgula (colloquial), joṅgolgulo (formal)
objective	জঙ্গলটা, জঙ্গলটি joṅgolṭa (colloquial), joṅgolṭi (formal)		জঙ্গলগুলা, জঙ্গলগুলো joṅgolgula (colloquial), joṅgolgulo (formal)
genitive	জঙ্গলটার, জঙ্গলটির joṅgolṭar (colloquial), joṅgolṭir (formal)		জঙ্গলগুলার, জঙ্গলগুলোর joṅgolgular (colloquial), joṅgolgulor (formal)
locative	জঙ্গলটাতে / জঙ্গলটায়, জঙ্গলটিতে joṅgolṭate / joṅgolṭay (colloquial), joṅgolṭite (formal)		জঙ্গলগুলাতে / জঙ্গলগুলায়, জঙ্গলগুলোতে joṅgolgulate / joṅgolgulay (colloquial), joṅgolgulote (formal)
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).

Related terms

• জংলি (joṅli)