جنگل

Burushaski

Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu جَن٘گَل (jangal)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑanɡal]

Noun

جَنگَل (jangal) ?

1. forest

References

• Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “jangal”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi जंगल (jaṅgal)/Urdu, from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid, sterile, desert”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaŋ.ˈɡal]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæŋ.ɡʲǽl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋ.ɡǽl]

Readings
Classical reading?	jangal
Dari reading?	jangal
Iranian reading?	jangal
Tajik reading?	jangal

Noun

Dari	جنگل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷангал

جَنْگَل • (jangal) (plural جنگل‌ها (jangal-hâ))

1. jungle, forest

   Synonym: بیشِه (biše)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: cəngəl
  • → Armenian: ժանգալ (žangal) (probably)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جنگل (cengel)
  • Turkish: cengel
  • → Bulgarian: ге́нгер (génger)
• → Kyrgyz: жаңгел (jaŋgel)

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid or sterile region”), from a substrate language.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəŋ.ɡəl/
• Rhymes: -əl

Noun

جَن٘گَل • (jaṅgal) m (Hindi spelling जंगल)

1. jungle, forest, wilderness

Declension

Declension of جنگل
	singular	plural
direct	جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal)	جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal)
oblique	جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal)	جَن٘گَلوں (jaṅgalõ)
vocative	جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal)	جَن٘گَلو (jaṅgalo)

Descendants

• → English: jungle (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “جنگل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “جنگل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.