जङ्गल
See also: जाङ्गल
Hindi
[edit]Noun
[edit]जङ्गल • (jaṅgal) m (Urdu spelling جنگل)
- tatsama spelling of जंगल
Declension
[edit]Declension of जङ्गल (masc cons-stem)
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala)[1].
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]जङ्गल • (jaṅgal)
Declension
[edit]| Declension of जङ्गल | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||
| nominative | जङ्गल [d͡zʌŋɡʌl] | जङ्गलहरू [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾu] | |
| accusative | जङ्गललाई [d͡zʌŋɡʌlläi] | जङ्गलहरूलाई [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾuläi] | |
| instrumental/ergative | जङ्गलले [d͡zʌŋɡʌlle] | जङ्गलहरूले [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾule] | |
| dative | जङ्गललाई [d͡zʌŋɡʌlläi] | जङ्गलहरूलाई [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾuläi] | |
| ablative | जङ्गलबाट [d͡zʌŋɡʌlloʈʌ] | जङ्गलहरूबाट [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾubäʈʌ] | |
| genitive | जङ्गलको [d͡zʌŋɡʌlko] | जङ्गलहरूको [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾuko] | |
| locative | जङ्गलमा [d͡zʌŋɡʌlmä] | जङ्गलहरूमा [d͡zʌŋɡʌlɦʌɾumä] | |
| Notes: | |||
Derived terms
[edit]जङ्गली (jaṅgalī)
References
[edit]- ^ “जङ्गल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Further reading
[edit]- “जङ्गल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][4], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “जङ्गल”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- जाङ्गल (jāṅgala)
Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- জঙ্গল (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬗ᭄ᬕᬮ (Balinese script)
- জঙ্গল (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰒𑰿𑰐𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဇင်္ဂလ (Burmese script)
- જઙ્ગલ (Gujarati script)
- ਜਙ੍ਗਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಙ್ಗಲ (Kannada script)
- ជង្គល (Khmer script)
- ຊງ຺ຄລ (Lao script)
- ജങ്ഗല (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠᢛᡤᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘒𑘿𑘐𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢊᠺᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑦲𑧠𑦰𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଜଙ୍ଗଲ (Odia script)
- ꢙꢖ꣄ꢔꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆕𑇀𑆓𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖒𑖿𑖐𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ජඞ්ගල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩠 𑪙𑩞𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚎𑚶𑚌𑚥 (Takri script)
- ஜங்க³ல (Tamil script)
- జఙ్గల (Telugu script)
- ชงฺคล (Thai script)
- ཛ་ངྒ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨏𑩇𑨍𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From a substrate, possibly Dravidian or Munda, origin. Compare Kannada ಜಂಗಲ್ (jaṅgaḷi, “mass, assemblage”) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जङ्गलः (jaṅgalaḥ) | जङ्गलौ (jaṅgalau) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
जङ्गलाः (jaṅgalāḥ) जङ्गलासः¹ (jaṅgalāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | जङ्गल (jaṅgala) | जङ्गलौ (jaṅgalau) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
जङ्गलाः (jaṅgalāḥ) जङ्गलासः¹ (jaṅgalāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | जङ्गलम् (jaṅgalam) | जङ्गलौ (jaṅgalau) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
जङ्गलान् (jaṅgalān) |
| instrumental | जङ्गलेन (jaṅgalena) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलैः (jaṅgalaiḥ) जङ्गलेभिः¹ (jaṅgalebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जङ्गलाय (jaṅgalāya) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जङ्गलात् (jaṅgalāt) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जङ्गलस्य (jaṅgalasya) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलानाम् (jaṅgalānām) |
| locative | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलेषु (jaṅgaleṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जङ्गला (jaṅgalā) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलाः (jaṅgalāḥ) |
| vocative | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलाः (jaṅgalāḥ) |
| accusative | जङ्गलाम् (jaṅgalām) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलाः (jaṅgalāḥ) |
| instrumental | जङ्गलया (jaṅgalayā) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलाभिः (jaṅgalābhiḥ) |
| dative | जङ्गलायै (jaṅgalāyai) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलाभ्यः (jaṅgalābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जङ्गलायाः (jaṅgalāyāḥ) जङ्गलायै² (jaṅgalāyai²) |
जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलाभ्यः (jaṅgalābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जङ्गलायाः (jaṅgalāyāḥ) जङ्गलायै² (jaṅgalāyai²) |
जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलानाम् (jaṅgalānām) |
| locative | जङ्गलायाम् (jaṅgalāyām) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलासु (jaṅgalāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जङ्गलम् (jaṅgalam) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| vocative | जङ्गल (jaṅgala) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| accusative | जङ्गलम् (jaṅgalam) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| instrumental | जङ्गलेन (jaṅgalena) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलैः (jaṅgalaiḥ) जङ्गलेभिः¹ (jaṅgalebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जङ्गलाय (jaṅgalāya) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जङ्गलात् (jaṅgalāt) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जङ्गलस्य (jaṅgalasya) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलानाम् (jaṅgalānām) |
| locative | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलेषु (jaṅgaleṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]जङ्गल • (jaṅgala) stem, n
- any arid or sterile region, desert (= जङ्गलपथ (jaṅgala-patha))
- an area sparingly grown with trees and plants, a wild or savage area (see जाङ्गल (jāṅgala))
- uncultivated, inhospitable area more or less covered by vegetation
- meat
- venom (= जङ्गुल (jaṅgula))
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जङ्गलम् (jaṅgalam) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| vocative | जङ्गल (jaṅgala) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| accusative | जङ्गलम् (jaṅgalam) | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलानि (jaṅgalāni) जङ्गला¹ (jaṅgalā¹) |
| instrumental | जङ्गलेन (jaṅgalena) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलैः (jaṅgalaiḥ) जङ्गलेभिः¹ (jaṅgalebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जङ्गलाय (jaṅgalāya) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जङ्गलात् (jaṅgalāt) | जङ्गलाभ्याम् (jaṅgalābhyām) | जङ्गलेभ्यः (jaṅgalebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जङ्गलस्य (jaṅgalasya) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलानाम् (jaṅgalānām) |
| locative | जङ्गले (jaṅgale) | जङ्गलयोः (jaṅgalayoḥ) | जङ्गलेषु (jaṅgaleṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
[edit]- दीर्घजङ्गल (dīrghá-jaṅgala)
- जाङ्गल (jāṅgala)
Descendants
[edit]Descendants
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)
- Marathi: जंगल (jaṅgal)
- Pali: jaṅgala
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)
- → Kannada: ಜಂಗಲು (jaṅgalu)
- → Malay: jenggala
- → Old Javanese: jaṅgala
- → Tamil: ஜங்கிள் (jaṅkiḷ)
- → Telugu: జంగిల్ (jaṅgil)
- → Esperanto: ĝangalo
- → Persian: جنگل (jangal) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Singh, K.S. “Ecology, Identity and Culture.” India International Centre Quarterly, 27/28, 2001, pp. 201–214. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23005712. Accessed 24 Apr. 2020.
- ^ The Mariner's Mirror. (1925). United Kingdom: Society for Nautical Research, p. 316
- ^ Kumaraswami Raja, N. (1969). Post-nasal Voiceless Plosives in Dravidian. India: Annamalai University, p. 56
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “jāṅgala-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 209
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 427
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāṅgala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Burrow, T. & Emeneau, M.B. (Oxford university Press, 1984) A Dravidian Etmyological Dictionary p 202
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “जङ्गल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 408/3.
Categories:
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Nepali terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from substrate languages
- Sanskrit terms derived from substrate languages
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages
- Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from Munda languages
- Sanskrit terms derived from Munda languages
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Meats