ह्रादुनि

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

ह्रादुनी (hradúnī)

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d- (“hail”), perhaps ultimately from *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, make a noise”) (whence also ह्रादते (hrādate)). Cognate with Latin grando (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “hail”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɑː.dú.ni/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɑːˈd̪u.n̪i/

Noun

ह्रादुनि • (hrādúni) stem, f

hail, hailstone
Synonyms: मटची (maṭacī), धाराङ्कुर (dhārāṅkura), जलशर्करा (jalaśarkarā), वर्षोपल (varṣopala)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.132.13:
  नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
  इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ॥
  nā́smai vidyúnná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́ṃ míhamákiraddhrādúniṃ ca.
  índraśca yádyuyudhā́te áhiścotā́parī́bhyo maghávā ví jigye.
  Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hail or mist which had spread around him:
  When Indra and Vṛtra strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9:
  विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
  vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.
  I gratify Separation with his navel;
  Butter with his flavour;
  the Waters with his broth;
  Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
  Hoarfrost with his heat;
  Ice with his marrow;
  Hailstones with his tears;
  Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;
  Rākṣasas with his blood;
  Bright things with his limbs;
  Stars with his beauty;
  Earth with his skin.
  All-hail to Jumbaka!

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of ह्रादुनि (hrādúni)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ह्रादुनिः hrādúniḥ	ह्रादुनी hrādúnī	ह्रादुनयः hrādúnayaḥ
Vocative	ह्रादुने hrā́dune	ह्रादुनी hrā́dunī	ह्रादुनयः hrā́dunayaḥ
Accusative	ह्रादुनिम् hrādúnim	ह्रादुनी hrādúnī	ह्रादुनीः hrādúnīḥ
Instrumental	ह्रादुन्या / ह्रादुनी¹ hrādúnyā / hrādúnī¹	ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām	ह्रादुनिभिः hrādúnibhiḥ
Dative	ह्रादुनये / ह्रादुन्यै² / ह्रादुनी¹ hrādúnaye / hrādúnyai² / hrādúnī¹	ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām	ह्रादुनिभ्यः hrādúnibhyaḥ
Ablative	ह्रादुनेः / ह्रादुन्याः² / ह्रादुन्यै³ hrādúneḥ / hrādúnyāḥ² / hrādúnyai³	ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām	ह्रादुनिभ्यः hrādúnibhyaḥ
Genitive	ह्रादुनेः / ह्रादुन्याः² / ह्रादुन्यै³ hrādúneḥ / hrādúnyāḥ² / hrādúnyai³	ह्रादुन्योः hrādúnyoḥ	ह्रादुनीनाम् hrādúnīnām
Locative	ह्रादुनौ / ह्रादुन्याम्² / ह्रादुना¹ hrādúnau / hrādúnyām² / hrādúnā¹	ह्रादुन्योः hrādúnyoḥ	ह्रादुनिषु hrādúniṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

References

Monier Williams (1899) “ह्रादुनि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1307.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “hrāduni”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ह्रादुनि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1768
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ह्रादुनि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
Arthur Berriedale Keith, Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912) “hrāduni”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 2, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], →OCLC, page 509