ह्रादुनि
Appearance
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ह्रादुनी (hradúnī)
Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- হ্ৰাদুনি (Assamese script)
- ᬳ᭄ᬭᬵᬤᬸᬦᬶ (Balinese script)
- হ্রাদুনি (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰟𑰲𑰡𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀦𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဟြာဒုနိ (Burmese script)
- હ્રાદુનિ (Gujarati script)
- ਹ੍ਰਾਦੁਨਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌦𑍁𑌨𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦿꦴꦢꦸꦤꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂠𑂳𑂢𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಹ್ರಾದುನಿ (Kannada script)
- ហ្រាទុនិ (Khmer script)
- ຫ຺ຣາທຸນິ (Lao script)
- ഹ്രാദുനി (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᡩᡠᠨᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘟𑘳𑘡𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠷᠠᢗᢑᠤᠨᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦿𑧔𑧁𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐡𑐸𑐣𑐶 (Newa script)
- ହ୍ରାଦୁନି (Odia script)
- ꢲ꣄ꢬꢵꢣꢸꢥꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆢𑆶𑆤𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖟𑖲𑖡𑖰 (Siddham script)
- හ්රාදුනි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩭𑩒𑩯𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚛𑚰𑚝𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஹ்ராது³நி (Tamil script)
- హ్రాదుని (Telugu script)
- หฺราทุนิ (Thai script)
- ཧྲཱ་དུ་ནི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒠𑒳𑒢𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨛𑨃𑨝𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d- (“hail”), perhaps ultimately from *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, make a noise”) (whence also ह्रादते (hrādate)). Cognate with Latin grando (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “hail”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ह्रादुनि • (hrādúni) stem, f
- hail, hailstone
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.132.13:
- नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ॥- nā́smai vidyúnná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́ṃ míhamákiraddhrādúniṃ ca.
índraśca yádyuyudhā́te áhiścotā́parī́bhyo maghávā ví jigye. - Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hail or mist which had spread around him:
When Indra and Vṛtra strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.
- nā́smai vidyúnná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́ṃ míhamákiraddhrādúniṃ ca.
- नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9:
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
- vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.
- I gratify Separation with his navel;
Butter with his flavour;
the Waters with his broth;
Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
Hoarfrost with his heat;
Ice with his marrow;
Hailstones with his tears;
Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;
Rākṣasas with his blood;
Bright things with his limbs;
Stars with his beauty;
Earth with his skin.
All-hail to Jumbaka!
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ह्रादुनिः (hrādúniḥ) | ह्रादुनी (hrādúnī) | ह्रादुनयः (hrādúnayaḥ) |
vocative | ह्रादुने (hrā́dune) | ह्रादुनी (hrā́dunī) | ह्रादुनयः (hrā́dunayaḥ) |
accusative | ह्रादुनिम् (hrādúnim) | ह्रादुनी (hrādúnī) | ह्रादुनीः (hrādúnīḥ) |
instrumental | ह्रादुन्या (hrādúnyā) ह्रादुनी¹ (hrādúnī¹) |
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (hrādúnibhyām) | ह्रादुनिभिः (hrādúnibhiḥ) |
dative | ह्रादुनये (hrādúnaye) ह्रादुन्यै² (hrādúnyai²) ह्रादुनी¹ (hrādúnī¹) |
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (hrādúnibhyām) | ह्रादुनिभ्यः (hrādúnibhyaḥ) |
ablative | ह्रादुनेः (hrādúneḥ) ह्रादुन्याः² (hrādúnyāḥ²) ह्रादुन्यै³ (hrādúnyai³) |
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (hrādúnibhyām) | ह्रादुनिभ्यः (hrādúnibhyaḥ) |
genitive | ह्रादुनेः (hrādúneḥ) ह्रादुन्याः² (hrādúnyāḥ²) ह्रादुन्यै³ (hrādúnyai³) |
ह्रादुन्योः (hrādúnyoḥ) | ह्रादुनीनाम् (hrādúnīnām) |
locative | ह्रादुनौ (hrādúnau) ह्रादुन्याम्² (hrādúnyām²) ह्रादुना¹ (hrādúnā¹) |
ह्रादुन्योः (hrādúnyoḥ) | ह्रादुनिषु (hrādúniṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “ह्रादुनि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1307.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “hrāduni”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ह्रादुनि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1768
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ह्रादुनि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
- Arthur Berriedale Keith, Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912) “hrāduni”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 2, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], →OCLC, page 509
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root ह्राद्
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰreh₁d-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit feminine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit i-stem nouns
- sa:Ice