स्फोट

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्फोट (sphoṭa). Doublet of फोड़ा (phoṛā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /spʰoːʈ/

Noun

स्फोट • (sphoṭ) m (rare, formal)

1. bursting, explosion
2. a swelling, tumour, boil
3. crackling, crash, roar

Declension

Declension of स्फोट (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोट sphoṭ
oblique	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोटों sphoṭõ
vocative	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोटो sphoṭo

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “स्फोट”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्फोट (sphoṭa). Doublet of फोड (phoḍ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spʰoʈ/

Noun

स्फोट • (sphoṭ) m

1. explosion

Declension

Declension of स्फोट (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	स्फोट sphoṭ
direct plural	स्फोट sphoṭ
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	स्फोट sphoṭ		स्फोट sphoṭ
oblique सामान्यरूप	स्फोटा sphoṭā		स्फोटां- sphoṭān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	स्फोटाला sphoṭālā		स्फोटांना sphoṭānnā
ergative	स्फोटाने, स्फोटानं sphoṭāne, sphoṭāna		स्फोटांनी sphoṭānnī
instrumental	स्फोटाशी sphoṭāśī		स्फोटांशी sphoṭānśī
locative सप्तमी	स्फोटात sphoṭāt		स्फोटांत sphoṭāt
vocative संबोधन	स्फोटा sphoṭā		स्फोटांनो sphoṭānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of स्फोट (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	स्फोटाचा sphoṭāċā	स्फोटाचे sphoṭāċe	स्फोटाची sphoṭācī	स्फोटाच्या sphoṭācā	स्फोटाचे, स्फोटाचं sphoṭāċe, sphoṭāċa	स्फोटाची sphoṭācī	स्फोटाच्या sphoṭācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	स्फोटांचा sphoṭānċā	स्फोटांचे sphoṭānċe	स्फोटांची sphoṭāñcī	स्फोटांच्या sphoṭāncā	स्फोटांचे, स्फोटांचं sphoṭānċe, sphoṭānċa	स्फोटांची sphoṭāñcī	स्फोटांच्या sphoṭāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

• स्फोटक (sphoṭak, “explosive”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “स्फोट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “स्फोट”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “स्फोट”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “स्फोट”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্ফোট (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬨᭀᬝ (Balinese script)
• স্ফোট (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰺𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑁄𑀝 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ဖောဋ (Burmese script)
• સ્ફોટ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਫੋਟ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑍋𑌟 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦦꦺꦴꦛ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂷𑂗 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಫೋಟ (Kannada script)
• ស្ផោដ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ໂຜຏ (Lao script)
• സ്ഫോട (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡦᠣᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘻𑘘 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠹᠣᠸᠠᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑧜𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑑀𑐚 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଫୋଟ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢧꣂꢜ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆾𑆛 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖺𑖘 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්ඵොට (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩕𑩦 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚴𑚔 (Takri script)
• ஸ்பே²ாட (Tamil script)
• స్ఫోట (Telugu script)
• สฺโผฏ (Thai script)
• སྥོ་ཊ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒼𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨆𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root स्फुट् (sphuṭ), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (*bʰel- with s-mobile) or *(s)pel- (“to split”) with a *-t- extension. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), English split.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰɐw.ʈɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰoː.ʈɐ/

Noun

स्फोट • (sphoṭa) stem, m

1. bursting, explosion
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. a swelling, tumour, boil
3. crackling, crash, roar
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
4. (philosophy) sound (conceived as eternal, indivisible, and creative)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्फोट (sphoṭa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्फोटः sphoṭaḥ	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटाः / स्फोटासः¹ sphoṭāḥ / sphoṭāsaḥ¹
Vocative	स्फोट sphoṭa	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटाः / स्फोटासः¹ sphoṭāḥ / sphoṭāsaḥ¹
Accusative	स्फोटम् sphoṭam	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटान् sphoṭān
Instrumental	स्फोटेन sphoṭena	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटैः / स्फोटेभिः¹ sphoṭaiḥ / sphoṭebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्फोटाय sphoṭāya	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटेभ्यः sphoṭebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्फोटात् sphoṭāt	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटेभ्यः sphoṭebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्फोटस्य sphoṭasya	स्फोटयोः sphoṭayoḥ	स्फोटानाम् sphoṭānām
Locative	स्फोटे sphoṭe	स्फोटयोः sphoṭayoḥ	स्फोटेषु sphoṭeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• विस्फोट (visphoṭa)

Related terms

• स्फुटति (sphuṭati)
• स्फोटयति (sphoṭayati)

Descendants

• Pali: phoṭa
• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀨𑁄𑀟 (phoḍa)
    • Konkani: फोड (phoḍ)
    • Marathi: फोड (phoḍ)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: फोर (phor)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: फोड़ा (phoṛā)

      Urdu: پھوڑا (phoṛā)

• → Kannada: ಸ್ಫೋಟ (sphōṭa)
• → Malayalam: സ്ഫോടനം (sphōṭanaṁ)
• → Hindi: स्फोट (sphoṭ) (learned)
• → Marathi: स्फोट (sphoṭ) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्फोट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1270.
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्फोट”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्फोट”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 375
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0986”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0986