स्फुट्
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- স্ফুট্ (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬨᬸᬝ᭄ (Balinese script)
- স্ফুট্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰲𑰘𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀝𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- သ္ဖုဋ် (Burmese script)
- સ્ફુટ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਫੁਟ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑍁𑌟𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦦꦸꦛ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂳𑂗𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ಫುಟ್ (Kannada script)
- ស្ផុដ៑ (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ຜຸຏ຺ (Lao script)
- സ്ഫുട് (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡦᡠᢞ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘳𑘘𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠹᠤᢌ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑧔𑦸𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑐸𑐚𑑂 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ଫୁଟ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢧꢸꢜ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆶𑆛𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖲𑖘𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ස්ඵුට් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩒𑩦 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚰𑚔𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஸ்பு²ட் (Tamil script)
- స్ఫుట్ (Telugu script)
- สฺผุฏฺ (Thai script)
- སྥུ་ཊ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒳𑒙𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨃𑨔𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan, whence Pali phuṭita (“burst open”) and Prakrit 𑀨𑀼𑀟𑀇 (phuḍaï, “bursts open”), from an older unattested root *स्फॢत् (sphḷt) or *फॢत् (phḷt), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- with a -t- enlargement. Compare फल (phala), though a Dravidian etymology is also proposed for that term. Compare Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), and English split. It is also possible that this root is related to फल् (phal, “to burst, cleave open”) instead, or is of onomatopoeic origin.
Pronunciation
[edit]Root
[edit]स्फुट् • (sphuṭ)
- to burst, become suddenly rent asunder, split open (with a sound, part asunder
- to expand, blossom, bloom
- to disperse, run away
- to crack (as the joints of the fingers)
- to crackle (as fire)
- to burst into view, appear suddenly
- to abate (as a disease)
- to make clear or evident
- to burst or rend suddenly, break, split, divide
- to put out (eyes)
- to shake, wag, brandish
- to push aside (a bolt)
- to hurt, destroy, kill
- to winnow
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “स्फुट्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1270/2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 197
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्फुट्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 778-9
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 543
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्फुट्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 375
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0986”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0986