स्पृध्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্পৃধ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
• স্পৃধ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ပၖဓ် (Burmese script)
• સ્પૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಪೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
• ស្ប្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ປ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
• സ്പൃധ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᢒᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠰᢒᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ପୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්පෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚞𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஸ்ப்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
• స్పృధ్ (Telugu script)
• สฺปฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
• སྤྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁 (spərədā), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /⁠išpartzi⁠/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spŕ̩dʱ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪pr̩d̪ʱ/

Adjective

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem

1. emulous, vying with

Noun

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem, f

1. contest, competition
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. fight, battle
3. rival, adversary

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of स्पृध्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	स्पृत् (spṛ́t)	स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹)	स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ)
vocative	स्पृत् (spṛ́t)	स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹)	स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ)
accusative	स्पृधम् (spṛ́dham)	स्पृधौ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा¹ (spṛ́dhā¹)	स्पृधः (spṛ́dhaḥ)
instrumental	स्पृधा (spṛdhā́)	स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m)	स्पृद्भिः (spṛdbhíḥ)
dative	स्पृधे (spṛdhé)	स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m)	स्पृद्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ)
ablative	स्पृधः (spṛdháḥ)	स्पृद्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m)	स्पृद्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ)
genitive	स्पृधः (spṛdháḥ)	स्पृधोः (spṛdhóḥ)	स्पृधाम् (spṛdhā́m)
locative	स्पृधि (spṛdhí)	स्पृधोः (spṛdhóḥ)	स्पृत्सु (spṛtsú)

• ¹Vedic

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-

Sanskrit स्पृध् (spṛdh)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spardʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-.

Root

स्पृध् • (spṛdh)

1. to compete, rival, emulate, vie
2. to contend, struggle

Alternative forms

• स्पर्ध् (spardh)

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्पृध् (0 c, 1 e)

Category Terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्पृध् not found

Primary Verbal Forms

• स्पर्ध॑ते (spárdhate, Present)
• स्पर्धति (spardhati, Present)
• स्पर्धिष्यते (spardhiṣyate, Future)
• स्पर्धिता (spardhitā, Periphrastic Future)
• अस्पृध्रन् (aspṛdhran, Aorist)
• स्पृ॒धा॒न (spṛdhāná, Aorist)
• अस्पर्धिष्ट (aspardhiṣṭa, Aorist)
• प॒र्स्पृ॒धे (parspṛdhé, Perfect)
• पस्पर्ध (paspardha, Perfect)

Non-Finite Forms

• स्पर्धित (spardhita, Past Participle)
• स्पर्धि॑तुम् (spárdhitum, Infinitive)
• स्पृध्य॑ (spṛ́dhya, Gerund)

Derived Nominal Forms

• स्पर्धा (spardhā)
• स्पर्धाकर (spardhākara)
• स्पर्धस् (spardhas)
• स्पर्धनीय (spardhanīya)
• स्पर्धिन् (spardhin)
• स्पर्ध्य (spardhya)

Further reading

• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्पृध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्पृध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0995”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0995