स्पृध्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্পৃধ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
• স্পৃধ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ပၖဓ် (Burmese script)
• સ્પૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಪೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
• ស្ប្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ປ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
• സ്പൃധ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᢒᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠰᢒᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ପୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්පෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚞𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஸ்ப்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
• స్పృధ్ (Telugu script)
• สฺปฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
• སྤྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁 (spərədā), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /⁠išpartzi⁠/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spŕ̩dʱ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪pr̩d̪ʱ/

Adjective

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem

1. emulous, vying with

Noun

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem, f

1. contest, competition
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. fight, battle
3. rival, adversary

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of स्पृध् (spṛ́dh)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्पृत् spṛ́t	स्पृधौ / स्पृधा¹ spṛ́dhau / spṛ́dhā¹	स्पृधः spṛ́dhaḥ
Vocative	स्पृत् spṛ́t	स्पृधौ / स्पृधा¹ spṛ́dhau / spṛ́dhā¹	स्पृधः spṛ́dhaḥ
Accusative	स्पृधम् spṛ́dham	स्पृधौ / स्पृधा¹ spṛ́dhau / spṛ́dhā¹	स्पृधः spṛ́dhaḥ
Instrumental	स्पृधा spṛdhā́	स्पृद्भ्याम् spṛdbhyā́m	स्पृद्भिः spṛdbhíḥ
Dative	स्पृधे spṛdhé	स्पृद्भ्याम् spṛdbhyā́m	स्पृद्भ्यः spṛdbhyáḥ
Ablative	स्पृधः spṛdháḥ	स्पृद्भ्याम् spṛdbhyā́m	स्पृद्भ्यः spṛdbhyáḥ
Genitive	स्पृधः spṛdháḥ	स्पृधोः spṛdhóḥ	स्पृधाम् spṛdhā́m
Locative	स्पृधि spṛdhí	स्पृधोः spṛdhóḥ	स्पृत्सु spṛtsú
Notes	¹Vedic

Root

स्पृध् • (spṛdh)

1. to compete, rival, emulate, vie
2. to contend, struggle

Alternative forms

• स्पर्ध् (spardh)

Derived terms

• स्पर्धते (spárdhate)
• स्पर्धा (spardhā, “competition, rivalry”)
• स्पर्धाकर (spardhākara, “emulating, competing, vying”)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्पर्ध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1268, column 2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 196
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्पृध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्पृध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0995”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0995