शुल्क

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुल्क (śulka).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊlk/

Noun

शुल्क • (śulk) m

1. fee, payment, charge

   Synonym: फ़ीस (fīs)

   प्रवेश करने के लिए वहाँ शुल्क चुकाना होगा।

   praveś karne ke lie vahā̃ śulk cukānā hogā.

   To enter you will have to pay the fee there.

2. customs, tariff, duty

   सीमा-शुल्क ― sīmā-śulk ― border tariff

Declension

Declension of शुल्क (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शुल्क śulk	शुल्क śulk
oblique	शुल्क śulk	शुल्कों śulkõ
vocative	शुल्क śulk	शुल्को śulko

Derived terms

• निःशुल्क (niḥśulk, “free of charge”)
• सशुल्क (saśulk, “paid”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुल्क”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “शुल्क”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
• “शुल्क”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शुल्क”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शुल्क”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শুল্ক (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬸᬮ᭄ᬓ (Balinese script)
• শুল্ক (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰲𑰩𑰿𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• ၐုလ္က (Burmese script)
• શુલ્ક (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ੁਲ੍ਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍁𑌲𑍍𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂳𑂪𑂹𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಶುಲ್ಕ (Kannada script)
• ឝុល្ក (Khmer script)
• ຨຸລ຺ກ (Lao script)
• ശുല്ക (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡠᠯᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘳𑘩𑘿𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠤᠯᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧔𑧉𑧠𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐸𑐮𑑂𑐎 (Newa script)
• ଶୁଲ୍କ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢸꢭ꣄ꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆶𑆬𑇀𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖲𑖩𑖿𑖎 (Siddham script)
• ශුල‍්ක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩒𑩽 𑪙𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚰𑚥𑚶𑚊 (Takri script)
• ஶுல்க (Tamil script)
• శుల్క (Telugu script)
• ศุลฺก (Thai script)
• ཤུ་ལྐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒳𑒪𑓂𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨃𑨬𑩇𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of unclear origin. Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam, “customs, toll”). The Sanskrit root शुल्क् (śulk, “to pay”) is artificially derived from this word.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕul.kɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕul̪.kɐ/

Noun

शुल्क • (śulká) stem, m or n

1. price, value, purchase-money
2. the prize of a contest
3. duty, fee, toll, tax, customs (esp. money levied at ferries, passes, and roads)

   अद्य एव शुल्कं दातव्यं अस्ति।

   adya eva śulkaṃ dātavyaṃ asti.

   I am due to pay fees exactly today.

   शिक्षण शुल्क ― śikṣaṇa śulka ― tuition fee

   अधिकोष-शुल्क ― adhikoṣa-śulka ― bank fee

   मार्ग-शुल्क ― mārga-śulka ― toll (literally, “road-fee”)

4. dowry, nuptial gift (orig. a price given to parents for the purchase of a bride, but in later times bestowed on the wife as her own property together with the profits of household labor, domestic utensils, ornaments etc.), dower, marriage settlement
5. wages of prostitution

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शुल्क
Nom. sg.	शुल्कः (śulkaḥ)
Gen. sg.	शुल्कस्य (śulkasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुल्कः (śulkaḥ)	शुल्कौ (śulkau)	शुल्काः (śulkāḥ)
Vocative	शुल्क (śulka)	शुल्कौ (śulkau)	शुल्काः (śulkāḥ)
Accusative	शुल्कम् (śulkam)	शुल्कौ (śulkau)	शुल्कान् (śulkān)
Instrumental	शुल्केन (śulkena)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्कैः (śulkaiḥ)
Dative	शुल्काय (śulkāya)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्केभ्यः (śulkebhyaḥ)
Ablative	शुल्कात् (śulkāt)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्केभ्यः (śulkebhyaḥ)
Genitive	शुल्कस्य (śulkasya)	शुल्कयोः (śulkayoḥ)	शुल्कानाम् (śulkānām)
Locative	शुल्के (śulke)	शुल्कयोः (śulkayoḥ)	शुल्केषु (śulkeṣu)

Neuter a-stem declension of शुल्क
Nom. sg.	शुल्कम् (śulkam)
Gen. sg.	शुल्कस्य (śulkasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुल्कम् (śulkam)	शुल्के (śulke)	शुल्कानि (śulkāni)
Vocative	शुल्क (śulka)	शुल्के (śulke)	शुल्कानि (śulkāni)
Accusative	शुल्कम् (śulkam)	शुल्के (śulke)	शुल्कानि (śulkāni)
Instrumental	शुल्केन (śulkena)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्कैः (śulkaiḥ)
Dative	शुल्काय (śulkāya)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्केभ्यः (śulkebhyaḥ)
Ablative	शुल्कात् (śulkāt)	शुल्काभ्याम् (śulkābhyām)	शुल्केभ्यः (śulkebhyaḥ)
Genitive	शुल्कस्य (śulkasya)	शुल्कयोः (śulkayoḥ)	शुल्कानाम् (śulkānām)
Locative	शुल्के (śulke)	शुल्कयोः (śulkayoḥ)	शुल्केषु (śulkeṣu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शुल्क”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 648
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 359-60
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śulká”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press