शुद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʃʊd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شدھ)

1. pure, unpolluted

   Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)

   शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।

   śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.

   Pure gold is very expensive.

   परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।

   param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.

   It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.

2. correct

   Synonym: सही (sahī)

   समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।

   samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.

   This is not the correct method for solving the problem.

   तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।

   tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.

   Your pronunciation is correct.

3. net

   आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था?

   āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā?

   What was the net profit for today?

4. (of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords

   Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)

   शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi

5. (Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name

   शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण ― śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ

6. (Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note

   शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād

Antonyms

• अशुद्ध (aśuddh)

Derived terms

• शुद्ध करना (śuddh karnā, “to purify”)

Related terms

• अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
• अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
• अशुद्धि (aśuddhi)
• परिशुद्ध (pariśuddh)
• परिशुद्धि (pariśuddhi)
• शुद्धता (śuddhatā)
• शुद्धाद्वैत (śuddhādvait)
• शुद्धि (śuddhi)
• शुद्धिकरण (śuddhikraṇ)
• शुद्धिकारक (śuddhikārak)
• शुद्धिपत्र (śuddhipatra)
• शुद्धिवादी (śuddhivādī)
• शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ)

 

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱə/

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)

1. pure; clear; clean

   हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.

   he pāṇī śuddha āhe.

   This water is pure.

2. true; blameless; acquitted
3. right; free from error; faultless
4. accurate
5. simple; unmixed

Derived terms

• जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
• शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
• শুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
• ၐုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
• શુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
• ಶುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
• ឝុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
• ຨຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
• ശുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
• ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
• ශුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
• ஶுத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
• శుద్ధ (Telugu script)
• ศุทฺธ (Thai script)
• ཤུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

शुध् (śudh) +‎ -त (-tá).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕud.dʱɐ́/, [ɕud̚.dʱɐ́]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈɕud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Participle

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) past passive participle (root शुध्)

1. past passive participle of शुध् (śudh); purified

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) stem

1. pure; clear; clean
   • c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:

     क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।

     kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ.

     He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.

2. true; blameless; acquitted
3. right; free from error; faultless
4. accurate
5. simple; unmixed

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धः śuddháḥ	शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śuddhaú / śuddhā́¹	शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śuddhā́ḥ / śuddhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शुद्ध śúddha	शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śúddhau / śúddhā¹	शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śúddhāḥ / śúddhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śuddhaú / śuddhā́¹	शुद्धान् śuddhā́n
Instrumental	शुद्धेन śuddhéna	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹
Dative	शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धात् śuddhā́t	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धस्य śuddhásya	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शुद्धा (śuddhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धा śuddhā́	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ
Vocative	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धाः śúddhāḥ
Accusative	शुद्धाम् śuddhā́m	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ
Instrumental	शुद्धया / शुद्धा¹ śuddháyā / śuddhā́¹	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभिः śuddhā́bhiḥ
Dative	शुद्धायै śuddhā́yai	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धायाः / शुद्धायै² śuddhā́yāḥ / śuddhā́yai²	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धायाः / शुद्धायै² śuddhā́yāḥ / śuddhā́yai²	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धायाम् śuddhā́yām	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धासु śuddhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹
Vocative	शुद्ध śúddha	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śúddhāni / śúddhā¹
Accusative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹
Instrumental	शुद्धेन śuddhéna	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹
Dative	शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धात् śuddhā́t	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धस्य śuddhásya	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अशुद्ध (aśuddha)
• अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
• परिशुद्ध (pariśuddha)
• शुद्धता (śuddhatā)

 

Related terms

• शुद्धि (śuddhi)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: họ̆du

    Arabic script: ہۄادُ

    Devanagari script: हौदु

    Sharada script: 𑆲𑆿𑆢𑆶

• Pali: suddha
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (suddha)
  • Central:
    • Hindustani: sudh, sūdhā, sudhnā
      • Hindi: सुध, सूधा, सुधना
      • Urdu: سُدھ, سُودھا, سُدھنا
    • Romani: šudžo
  • Eastern:
    • Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
    • Middle Bengali: শুধ (śudho)
      • Bengali: শুধু (śudhu)
    • Odia: ଶୁଧାଇବା (śudhāibā)
  • Northern:
    • Central Pahari:
      • Kumaoni: सुदो (sudo)
    • Eastern Pahari:
      • Nepali: सुधो (sudho)
  • Northwestern:
    • Punjabi: suddhā

      Gurmukhi script: ਸੁੱਧਾ

      Shahmukhi script: سُدّھا

    • Sindhi: sūdho

      Arabic script: سُوڌو

      Devanagari script: सूधो

  • Southern:
    • Dhivehi: ހުދު (hudu)
    • Marathi: सुधा (sudhā), सुदा (sudā)
    • Sinhalese: සුදු (sudu), හුදු (hudu)
  • Western:
    • Marwari: सूधो (sūdho)
    • Old Gujarati: सूध (sūdha), सूधउ (sūdhaü)
      • Gujarati: સૂધું (sūdhũ)

Learned borrowings

• → Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
• → Kannada: ಶುದ್ಧ (śuddha)
• → Malayalam: ശുദ്ധം (śuddhaṁ)
• → Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
• → Old Javanese: śuddha
  • Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢ (suda, “to decrease, to diminish”), ꦱꦸꦝꦃ (sudhah, “to unload, to unpack”)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ→ᬰᬸᬥ (suda, “pure, honourable (mind), righteous; clean, holy; cure”)
• → Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śuddha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press