शारि

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑ́ː.ɾi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɑː.ɾi/

Etymology 1

Unknown. Undoubtedly related to Classical Persian سَار (sār), سَارِی (sārī, “starling”), Old Armenian սարեակ (sareak, “starling”). More speculatively, compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ (“magpie”), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), Latin corvus (“raven”); if all related, this may be a Wanderwort.

Noun

शारि॑ • (śā́ri) stem, f

1. myna (bird of the family Sturnidae)

   Synonyms: मदन (madana), शारिका (śārikā)

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of शारि (śā́ri)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारिः śā́riḥ	शारी śā́rī	शारयः śā́rayaḥ
Vocative	शारे śā́re	शारी śā́rī	शारयः śā́rayaḥ
Accusative	शारिम् śā́rim	शारी śā́rī	शारीः śā́rīḥ
Instrumental	शार्या / शारी¹ śā́ryā / śā́rī¹	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभिः śā́ribhiḥ
Dative	शारये / शार्यै² / शारी¹ śā́raye / śā́ryai² / śā́rī¹	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभ्यः śā́ribhyaḥ
Ablative	शारेः / शार्याः² / शार्यै³ śā́reḥ / śā́ryāḥ² / śā́ryai³	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभ्यः śā́ribhyaḥ
Genitive	शारेः / शार्याः² / शार्यै³ śā́reḥ / śā́ryāḥ² / śā́ryai³	शार्योः śā́ryoḥ	शारीणाम् śā́rīṇām
Locative	शारौ / शार्याम्² / शारा¹ śā́rau / śā́ryām² / śā́rā¹	शार्योः śā́ryoḥ	शारिषु śā́riṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms

• शारिका (śārikā), सारिका (sārikā)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀓𑀸 (sālikā)
  • Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻 (sārī), 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆 (sāriā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀻 (sālahī), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀺𑀆 (sālahiā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀆 (sālakkiā) (see there for further descendants)
• Pali: sālikā, sāḷikā, sāliya

Etymology 2

Unknown; probably unrelated to the above term. Compare श॒र (śará, “reed”), शरु॑ (śáru, “missile”), शर्य॑ (śárya, “arrow”), all attested in the Ṛgveda. Some sources instead lemmatise the word as शारी॑ (śā́rī).

Noun

शारि॑ • (śā́ri) stem, f

1. (Ṛgvedic hapax) arrow (projectile shot with a bow)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.112.16:

     याभि॑र्नरा श॒यवे॒ याभि॒रत्र॑ये॒ याभिः॑ पु॒रा मन॑वे गा॒तुमी॒षथुः॑ ।
     याभिः॒ शारी॒राज॑तं॒ स्यूम॑रश्मये॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम ॥

     yā́bhirnarā śayáve yā́bhirátraye yā́bhiḥ purā́ mánave gātúmīṣáthuḥ.
     yā́bhiḥ śā́rīrā́jataṃ syū́maraśmaye tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatama.

     • 1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

       Wherewith, O Heroes, ye vouchsafed deliverance to Ṣayu, Atri, and to Manu long ago; Wherewith ye shot your shafts in Syûmaraṣmi's cause.-Come hither unto us, O Aṣvins, with those aids.

2. an elephant's housings or armour

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of शारि (śā́ri)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारिः śā́riḥ	शारी śā́rī	शारयः śā́rayaḥ
Vocative	शारे śā́re	शारी śā́rī	शारयः śā́rayaḥ
Accusative	शारिम् śā́rim	शारी śā́rī	शारीः śā́rīḥ
Instrumental	शार्या / शारी¹ śā́ryā / śā́rī¹	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभिः śā́ribhiḥ
Dative	शारये / शार्यै² / शारी¹ śā́raye / śā́ryai² / śā́rī¹	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभ्यः śā́ribhyaḥ
Ablative	शारेः / शार्याः² / शार्यै³ śā́reḥ / śā́ryāḥ² / śā́ryai³	शारिभ्याम् śā́ribhyām	शारिभ्यः śā́ribhyaḥ
Genitive	शारेः / शार्याः² / शार्यै³ śā́reḥ / śā́ryāḥ² / śā́ryai³	शार्योः śā́ryoḥ	शारीणाम् śā́rīṇām
Locative	शारौ / शार्याम्² / शारा¹ śā́rau / śā́ryām² / śā́rā¹	शार्योः śā́ryoḥ	शारिषु śā́riṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Etymology 3

Unknown. Similar polysemy to गुटिका (guṭikā).

Noun

शारि • (śāri) stem, m

1. (chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)
2. little round ball
3. a kind of die or small cube used in games with dice

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of शारि (śāri)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारिः śāriḥ	शारी śārī	शारयः śārayaḥ
Vocative	शारे śāre	शारी śārī	शारयः śārayaḥ
Accusative	शारिम् śārim	शारी śārī	शारीन् śārīn
Instrumental	शारिणा / शार्या¹ śāriṇā / śāryā¹	शारिभ्याम् śāribhyām	शारिभिः śāribhiḥ
Dative	शारये śāraye	शारिभ्याम् śāribhyām	शारिभ्यः śāribhyaḥ
Ablative	शारेः / शार्यः¹ śāreḥ / śāryaḥ¹	शारिभ्याम् śāribhyām	शारिभ्यः śāribhyaḥ
Genitive	शारेः / शार्यः¹ śāreḥ / śāryaḥ¹	शार्योः śāryoḥ	शारीणाम् śārīṇām
Locative	शारौ / शारा¹ śārau / śārā¹	शार्योः śāryoḥ	शारिषु śāriṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “शारि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1066.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śā́ri¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 718