शब्द

See also: शब्दो and शब्दों

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃəbd̪/, [ʃɐbd̪]

Noun

शब्द • (śabd) m (Urdu spelling شبد)

1. word, term

   Synonyms: बोल (bol), लफ़्ज़ (lafz), लुग़त (luġat), कलाम (kalām)

   इस शब्द का हिन्दी में काफ़ी प्रयोग होता है।

   is śabd kā hindī mẽ kāfī prayog hotā hai.

   This word is used a lot in Hindi.

2. sound

   Synonym: ध्वनि (dhvani)

   झरनों का धीमा शब्द जंगल में गूँजता।

   jharnõ kā dhīmā śabd jaṅgal mẽ gūñjtā.

   The soft sound of springs echoes through the forest.

Declension

Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शब्द śabd	शब्द śabd
oblique	शब्द śabd	शब्दों śabdõ
vocative	शब्द śabd	शब्दो śabdo

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
• शब्दावली (śabdāvlī)
• शब्दार्थ (śabdārth)
• शब्दकार (śabdakār)
• शब्दवीर (śabdavīr)
• शब्दहीन (śabdahīn)
  • शब्दहीनता (śabdahīntā)
• शब्दानुवाद (śabdānuvād)

Related terms

• शाब्दिक (śābdik)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शब्द”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda), through Old Marathi 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕəb.d̪ə/

Noun

शब्द • (śabda) m

1. word

   पुढे एक शब्द सुद्धा बोलू नकोस!

   puḍhe ek śabda suddhā bolū nakos!

   Don't say another word!

2. sound

   Synonyms: आवाज (āvāj), ध्वनी (dhvanī)

   अचानक त्याला घुंगरांचा शब्द ऐकू आला.

   acānak tyālā ghuṅgrāñcā śabda aikū ālā.

   Suddenly he heard the sound of anklets.

Declension

Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	शब्द śabda
direct plural	शब्द śabda
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	शब्द śabda		शब्द śabda
oblique सामान्यरूप	शब्दा śabdā		शब्दां- śabdān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	शब्दाला śabdālā		शब्दांना śabdānnā
ergative	शब्दाने, शब्दानं śabdāne, śabdāna		शब्दांनी śabdānnī
instrumental	शब्दाशी śabdāśī		शब्दांशी śabdānśī
locative सप्तमी	शब्दात śabdāt		शब्दांत śabdāt
vocative संबोधन	शब्दा śabdā		शब्दांनो śabdānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	शब्दाचा śabdāċā	शब्दाचे śabdāċe	शब्दाची śabdācī	शब्दाच्या śabdācā	शब्दाचे, शब्दाचं śabdāċe, śabdāċa	शब्दाची śabdācī	शब्दाच्या śabdācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	शब्दांचा śabdānċā	शब्दांचे śabdānċe	शब्दांची śabdāñcī	शब्दांच्या śabdāncā	शब्दांचे, शब्दांचं śabdānċe, śabdānċa	शब्दांची śabdāñcī	शब्दांच्या śabdāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• शब्दकोडे (śabdakoḍe, “word puzzle”)
• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś, “dictionary”)
• शब्दफेक (śabdaphek)
• शब्दसंग्रह (śabdasaṅgrah, “vocabulary”)
• शब्दसंपत्ती (śabdasampattī, “vocabulary”)
• शाब्दिक (śābdik, “verbal”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शब्द”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “शब्द”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “शब्द”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “शब्द”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শব্দ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (Balinese script)
• শব্দ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰤𑰿𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤 (Brahmi script)
• ၐဗ္ဒ (Burmese script)
• શબ્દ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਬ੍ਦ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌬𑍍𑌦 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦧ꧀ꦢ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂥𑂹𑂠 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಬ್ದ (Kannada script)
• ឝព្ទ (Khmer script)
• ຨພ຺ທ (Lao script)
• ശബ്ദ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᠪᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠪᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧄𑧠𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐧𑑂𑐡 (Newa script)
• ଶବ୍ଦ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢨ꣄ꢣ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆧𑇀𑆢 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖤𑖿𑖟 (Siddham script)
• ශබ‍්ද (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩲 𑪙𑩭 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚠𑚶𑚛 (Takri script)
• ஶப்³த³ (Tamil script)
• శబ్ద (Telugu script)
• ศพฺท (Thai script)
• ཤ་བྡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒥𑓂𑒠 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨠𑩇𑨛 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शप् (śap, “to curse; swear”) +‎ -द (-da).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́b.dɐ/, [ɕɐ́b̚.dɐ]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐb.d̪ɐ/, [ɕɐb̚.d̪ɐ]

Noun

शब्द • (śábda) stem, m

1. sound, noise, voice, tone, note
2. a word

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शब्द

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शब्दः (śábdaḥ)	शब्दौ (śábdau) शब्दा¹ (śábdā¹)	शब्दाः (śábdāḥ) शब्दासः¹ (śábdāsaḥ¹)
vocative	शब्द (śábda)	शब्दौ (śábdau) शब्दा¹ (śábdā¹)	शब्दाः (śábdāḥ) शब्दासः¹ (śábdāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शब्दम् (śábdam)	शब्दौ (śábdau) शब्दा¹ (śábdā¹)	शब्दान् (śábdān)
instrumental	शब्देन (śábdena)	शब्दाभ्याम् (śábdābhyām)	शब्दैः (śábdaiḥ) शब्देभिः¹ (śábdebhiḥ¹)
dative	शब्दाय (śábdāya)	शब्दाभ्याम् (śábdābhyām)	शब्देभ्यः (śábdebhyaḥ)
ablative	शब्दात् (śábdāt)	शब्दाभ्याम् (śábdābhyām)	शब्देभ्यः (śábdebhyaḥ)
genitive	शब्दस्य (śábdasya)	शब्दयोः (śábdayoḥ)	शब्दानाम् (śábdānām)
locative	शब्दे (śábde)	शब्दयोः (śábdayoḥ)	शब्देषु (śábdeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakośa)

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Marathi: साद (sād)
  • Konkani: साद (sād)
• Pali: sadda
  • → Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (sadda)
  • → Kannada: ಸದ್ದು (saddu)
  • → Khmer: សទ្ទ (sattĕəʼ)
  • → Thai: สัท- (sàt-)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทอักษร (sàt-tá-àk-sɔ̌ɔn)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทศาสตร์ (sàt-tá-sàat)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Gujarati: સાદ (sād)
  • Hindi: साद (sād)
  • Punjabi: ਸੱਦ (sadda)
• → Bengali: শব্দ (śobdo)
• → Early Assamese: শবদ (śobodo)
  • Assamese: শব্দ (xobdo)
  • → Bodo (India): सोदोब (swdwb)
• → Gujarati: શબ્દ (śabd)
• → Hindi: शब्द (śabd)
• → Kannada: ಶಬ್ದ (śabda)
• → Khmer: សព្ទ (sap)
• → Lao: ສັບ (sap)
• → Malay: sabda
  • Indonesian: sabda
• → Malayalam: ശബ്ദം (śabdaṁ)
• → Old Javanese: śabda
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦧ꧀ꦢ (sabda) (inherited)
  • >? Javanese: ꦱꦼꦢ (seda)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (sabda)
• → Odia: ଶବ୍ଦ (śabda)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (śabda)
  • Marathi: शब्द (śabda)
• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabd)
• → Sylheti: ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ (śobdo)
• → Tamil: சத்தம் (cattam)
• ⇒ Telugu: శబ్దము (śabdamu)
• → Thai: ศัพท์ (sàp)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शब्द”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 296