रुज्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• रोज् (roj)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰুজ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬸᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
• রুজ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰲𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀼𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ရုဇ် (Burmese script)
• રુજ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਰੁਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑍁𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦸꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂳𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ರುಜ್ (Kannada script)
• រុជ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຣຸຊ຺ (Lao script)
• രുജ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡠᡯ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘳𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠤᠽ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧔𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐸𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
• ରୁଜ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢸꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆶𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖲𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
• රුජ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩒𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚰𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
• ருஜ் (Tamil script)
• రుజ్ (Telugu script)
• รุชฺ (Thai script)
• རུ་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒳𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨃𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break off, shatter”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λῠγρός (lugrós, “mournful”), Latin lugeō whence English lugubrious; Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), whence English louk.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾud͡ʑ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾud͡ʑ/

Root

रुज् • (ruj)

1. to break, break open, dash to pieces
2. to shatter, destroy
3. to cause pain, afflict, injure

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root रुज् (0 c, 2 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root रुज् (1 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• रुजति (rujáti, Present)
• रोक्ष्यति (rokṣyáti, Future)
• रोक्ता (roktā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अरोक् (árok, Aorist)
• अरौक्षीत् (áraukṣīt, Aorist)
• रुरोज (rurója, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• रुज्यते (rujyáte, Passive)
• रोजयति (rojáyati, Causative)
• अरूरुजत् (árūrujat, Causative Aorist)
• रुरुक्षति (rurukṣati, Desiderative)
• रोरुज्यते (rorujyate, Intensive)
• रोरोक्ति (rorokti, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• रुग्ण (rugṇá, Past Participle)
• रुजे (rúje, Infinitive)
• रुक्त्वा (ruktvā́, Gerund)
• रुज्य (rújya, Gerund)

Derived Nominal Forms

• रुज् (ruj)
• रुज (rujá)
• रुजा (rujā)
• रोग (róga)

Prefixed Root Forms

• अवरुज् (avaruj)
• आरुज् (āruj)
• परिरुज् (pariruj)
• प्ररुज् (praruj)
• विरुज् (viruj)
• संरुज् (saṃruj)

Adjective

रुज् • (ruj) stem

1. (at the end of a compound) breaking, crushing, shattering

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Vocative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Accusative	रुजम् rujam	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Instrumental	रुजा rujā	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भिः rugbhiḥ
Dative	रुजे ruje	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Ablative	रुजः rujaḥ	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Genitive	रुजः rujaḥ	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुजाम् rujām
Locative	रुजि ruji	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुक्षु rukṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Vocative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Accusative	रुजम् rujam	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Instrumental	रुजा rujā	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भिः rugbhiḥ
Dative	रुजे ruje	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Ablative	रुजः rujaḥ	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Genitive	रुजः rujaḥ	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुजाम् rujām
Locative	रुजि ruji	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुक्षु rukṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुक् ruk	रुजी rujī	रुञ्जि ruñji
Vocative	रुक् ruk	रुजी rujī	रुञ्जि ruñji
Accusative	रुक् ruk	रुजी rujī	रुञ्जि ruñji
Instrumental	रुजा rujā	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भिः rugbhiḥ
Dative	रुजे ruje	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Ablative	रुजः rujaḥ	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Genitive	रुजः rujaḥ	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुजाम् rujām
Locative	रुजि ruji	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुक्षु rukṣu

Noun

रुज् • (ruj) stem, f

1. pain, illness, disease

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Vocative	रुक् ruk	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Accusative	रुजम् rujam	रुजौ / रुजा¹ rujau / rujā¹	रुजः rujaḥ
Instrumental	रुजा rujā	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भिः rugbhiḥ
Dative	रुजे ruje	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Ablative	रुजः rujaḥ	रुग्भ्याम् rugbhyām	रुग्भ्यः rugbhyaḥ
Genitive	रुजः rujaḥ	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुजाम् rujām
Locative	रुजि ruji	रुजोः rujoḥ	रुक्षु rukṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रुज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 882, column 3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “रुज्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ruj”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “रुज्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 465

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 371
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 415-6
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “686”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 686