मृष्ट

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

मिष्ट (miṣṭa) — Later Sanskrit

Etymology

Merging of two sources:

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hmr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr̥ǵ-tós.
मृश् (mṛś) +‎ -त (-ta), particularly in the sense of "touched"

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mr̩ʂ.ʈɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mr̩ʂ.ʈɐ/

Participle

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) past passive participle (root मृज्)

past passive participle of मृज् (mṛj)
touched, sprinkled, washed, cleansed, polished
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Adjective

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem (root मृज्)

(literal, figurative) pure
smeared, besmeared with [with instrumental]
(figurative) (particularly in the form मिष्ट (miṣṭa)) prepared, dressed, savoury, dainty
sweet, pleasant, agreeable
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मृष्ट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मृष्टः (mṛṣṭáḥ)	मृष्टौ (mṛṣṭaú) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)	मृष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ) मृष्टासः¹ (mṛṣṭā́saḥ¹)
vocative	मृष्ट (mṛ́ṣṭa)	मृष्टौ (mṛ́ṣṭau) मृष्टा¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹)	मृष्टाः (mṛ́ṣṭāḥ) मृष्टासः¹ (mṛ́ṣṭāsaḥ¹)
accusative	मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭám)	मृष्टौ (mṛṣṭaú) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)	मृष्टान् (mṛṣṭā́n)
instrumental	मृष्टेन (mṛṣṭéna)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टैः (mṛṣṭaíḥ) मृष्टेभिः¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹)
dative	मृष्टाय (mṛṣṭā́ya)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
ablative	मृष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
genitive	मृष्टस्य (mṛṣṭásya)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टानाम् (mṛṣṭā́nām)
locative	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टेषु (mṛṣṭéṣu)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मृष्टा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मृष्टा (mṛṣṭā́)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ)
vocative	मृष्टे (mṛ́ṣṭe)	मृष्टे (mṛ́ṣṭe)	मृष्टाः (mṛ́ṣṭāḥ)
accusative	मृष्टाम् (mṛṣṭā́m)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ)
instrumental	मृष्टया (mṛṣṭáyā) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टाभिः (mṛṣṭā́bhiḥ)
dative	मृष्टायै (mṛṣṭā́yai)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टाभ्यः (mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	मृष्टायाः (mṛṣṭā́yāḥ) मृष्टायै² (mṛṣṭā́yai²)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टाभ्यः (mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	मृष्टायाः (mṛṣṭā́yāḥ) मृष्टायै² (mṛṣṭā́yai²)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टानाम् (mṛṣṭā́nām)
locative	मृष्टायाम् (mṛṣṭā́yām)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टासु (mṛṣṭā́su)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मृष्ट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭám)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)
vocative	मृष्ट (mṛ́ṣṭa)	मृष्टे (mṛ́ṣṭe)	मृष्टानि (mṛ́ṣṭāni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹)
accusative	मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭám)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)
instrumental	मृष्टेन (mṛṣṭéna)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टैः (mṛṣṭaíḥ) मृष्टेभिः¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹)
dative	मृष्टाय (mṛṣṭā́ya)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
ablative	मृष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
genitive	मृष्टस्य (mṛṣṭásya)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टानाम् (mṛṣṭā́nām)
locative	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टेषु (mṛṣṭéṣu)

¹Vedic

Noun

मृष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem, n (root मृज्)

pepper

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मृष्ट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭám)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)
vocative	मृष्ट (mṛ́ṣṭa)	मृष्टे (mṛ́ṣṭe)	मृष्टानि (mṛ́ṣṭāni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹)
accusative	मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭám)	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹)
instrumental	मृष्टेन (mṛṣṭéna)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टैः (mṛṣṭaíḥ) मृष्टेभिः¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹)
dative	मृष्टाय (mṛṣṭā́ya)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
ablative	मृष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t)	मृष्टाभ्याम् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām)	मृष्टेभ्यः (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ)
genitive	मृष्टस्य (mṛṣṭásya)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टानाम् (mṛṣṭā́nām)
locative	मृष्टे (mṛṣṭé)	मृष्टयोः (mṛṣṭáyoḥ)	मृष्टेषु (mṛṣṭéṣu)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: maṭṭha (“wiped, polished”)
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (maṭṭha, “wiped, polished”)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मट्ठा (maṭṭhā)
  - Urdu: مٹّھا (maṭṭhā)
- Marathi: माठणे (māṭhṇe)
- With -𑀭- (-ra-) or -𑀮- (-la-):
  - Nepali: मुठार्नु (muṭhārnu)
  - Gujarati: મઠારવું (maṭhārvũ)
  - Marathi: मठारणे (maṭhārṇe)

With unexplained loss of aspiration:

Pali: maṭṭa
Kashmiri: مٹن (miṭun)
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (miṭijjaï, “is wiped out”)
- Punjabi: ਮਿਟਣਾ (miṭṇā)
- Bengali: মিটা (miṭa), মেটা (meṭa)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मिटना (miṭnā)
  - Urdu: مِٹْنا (miṭnā)
- Gujarati: મિટવું (miṭvũ), મટવું (maṭvũ)

The alternative form with -i- < -ṛ- is seen as early as the Mahabharata, specialized with the meaning of "pure, good, (esp.) sweet":

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (miṭṭha, “sweet”)
- Bengali: মিঠা (miṭha)
- Assamese: মিঠা (mitha)
- Odia: ମିଠାଁ (miṭhā̃)
- Maithili: मीठ (mīṭh) / 𑂧𑂲𑂘 (mīṭh)
- Bhojpuri: मीठ (mīṭh)
- Gujarati: મીઠું (mīṭhũ)
- Punjabi: ਮਿਟ੍ਠਾ (miṭṭhā) / مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मीठा (mīṭhā)
  - Urdu: میٹھا (mīṭhā)
- Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘲𑘙 (mīṭha, “salt”)
  - Marathi: मीठ (mīṭh, “salt”)
- Marathi: मीठा (mīṭhā, “sweet”)
- Saraiki: مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mr̥ṣṭá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Monier Williams (1899) “मृष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 829, column 3.