मात्सर्य

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Vrddhi derivative of मत्सर (matsara, “jealous”) with a -य (-ya) extension.

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɑːt̪ˈs̪ɐɾ.jɐ/

Noun

मात्सर्य • (mātsarya) stem, n (Classical Sanskrit)

envy, jealousy
Synonyms: ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā), असूया (asūyā)
- c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 4.3.13.3-4:
  स्मार्तं हि ज्ञानमात्मनस्तस्यैव मनसोऽनुबन्धादनुवर्तते यस्यानुवृत्तिं पुरस्कृत्य पुरुषो जातिस्मर इत्युच्यते ।
  यानि खल्वस्य गर्भस्य सत्त्वजानि यान्यस्य सत्त्वतः सम्भवतः सम्भवन्ति तान्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः तद्यथा भक्तिः शीलं शौचं द्वेषः स्मृतिर्मोहस्त्यागो मात्सर्यं शौर्यं भयं क्रोधस्तन्द्रोत्साहस्तैक्ष्ण्यं मार्दवं गाम्भीर्यमनवस्थितत्वमित्येवमादयश्चान्ये ते सत्त्वविकारा यानुत्तरकालं सत्त्वभेदमधिकृत्योपदेक्ष्यामः ॥
  smārtaṃ hi jñānamātmanastasyaiva manasoʼnubandhādanuvartate yasyānuvṛttiṃ puraskṛtya puruṣo jātismara ityucyate.
  yāni khalvasya garbhasya sattvajāni yānyasya sattvataḥ sambhavataḥ sambhavanti tānyanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ tadyathā bhaktiḥ śīlaṃ śaucaṃ dveṣaḥ smṛtirmohastyāgo mātsaryaṃ śauryaṃ bhayaṃ krodhastandrotsāhastaikṣṇyaṃ mārdavaṃ gāmbhīryamanavasthitatvamityevamādayaścānye te sattvavikārā yānuttarakālaṃ sattvabhedamadhikṛtyopadekṣyāmaḥ.
  We shall now enumerate the mind-born parts of the embryo, i. e those that pass from the mind, to the embryo during its formation. These are - inclination, character, purity, hate, recollection, infatuation, liberality, envy, valour, fear, anger, torpor, enthusiasm, keenness, softness, profundity, fickleness, and such others; as also the conditions of the mind, which we shall later describe in connection with the analysis of mind. The mind is indeed of diverse dispositions; all these obtain in the same man but not at the same time. When a man is said to be of a particular disposition, he is said to be so by reason of its preponderance.
- c. 800 CE, Ādi Śaṃkara, Nirvāṇa Ṣaṭka 3.1:
  न मे द्वेषरागौ न मे लोभमोहौ
  मदो नैव मे नैव मात्सर्यभावः ।
  na me dveṣarāgau na me lobhamohau
  mado naiva me naiva mātsaryabhāvaḥ.
  Neither do I have love and hate, nor greed and infatuation;
  Neither do I have intoxication nor envy

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मात्सर्य (mātsarya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मात्सर्यम् mātsaryam	मात्सर्ये mātsarye	मात्सर्याणि mātsaryāṇi
Vocative	मात्सर्य mātsarya	मात्सर्ये mātsarye	मात्सर्याणि mātsaryāṇi
Accusative	मात्सर्यम् mātsaryam	मात्सर्ये mātsarye	मात्सर्याणि mātsaryāṇi
Instrumental	मात्सर्येण mātsaryeṇa	मात्सर्याभ्याम् mātsaryābhyām	मात्सर्यैः mātsaryaiḥ
Dative	मात्सर्याय mātsaryāya	मात्सर्याभ्याम् mātsaryābhyām	मात्सर्येभ्यः mātsaryebhyaḥ
Ablative	मात्सर्यात् mātsaryāt	मात्सर्याभ्याम् mātsaryābhyām	मात्सर्येभ्यः mātsaryebhyaḥ
Genitive	मात्सर्यस्य mātsaryasya	मात्सर्ययोः mātsaryayoḥ	मात्सर्याणाम् mātsaryāṇām
Locative	मात्सर्ये mātsarye	मात्सर्ययोः mātsaryayoḥ	मात्सर्येषु mātsaryeṣu

References

Monier Williams (1899) “मात्सर्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 808, column 1.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mātsarya”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मात्सर्य”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1259