बद्ध
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बद्ध (baddhá).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]बद्ध • (baddh) (indeclinable)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Adjective
[edit]बद्ध
- Devanagari script form of baddha, which is past passive participle of बन्धति (bandhati, “to bind”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "बद्ध" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | बद्धो (baddho) | बद्धा (baddhā) |
Accusative (second) | बद्धं (baddhaṃ) | बद्धे (baddhe) |
Instrumental (third) | बद्धेन (baddhena) | बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | बद्धस्स (baddhassa) or बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धत्थं (baddhatthaṃ) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | बद्धस्मा (baddhasmā) or बद्धम्हा (baddhamhā) or बद्धा (baddhā) | बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | बद्धस्स (baddhassa) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | बद्धस्मिं (baddhasmiṃ) or बद्धम्हि (baddhamhi) or बद्धे (baddhe) | बद्धेसु (baddhesu) |
Vocative (calling) | बद्ध (baddha) | बद्धा (baddhā) |
Declension table of "बद्धा" (feminine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | बद्धा (baddhā) | बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā) |
Accusative (second) | बद्धं (baddhaṃ) | बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā) |
Instrumental (third) | बद्धाय (baddhāya) | बद्धाहि (baddhāhi) or बद्धाभि (baddhābhi) |
Dative (fourth) | बद्धाय (baddhāya) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | बद्धाय (baddhāya) | बद्धाहि (baddhāhi) or बद्धाभि (baddhābhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | बद्धाय (baddhāya) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धायं (baddhāyaṃ) | बद्धासु (baddhāsu) |
Vocative (calling) | बद्धे (baddhe) | बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā) |
Declension table of "बद्ध" (neuter)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | बद्धं (baddhaṃ) | बद्धानि (baddhāni) |
Accusative (second) | बद्धं (baddhaṃ) | बद्धानि (baddhāni) |
Instrumental (third) | बद्धेन (baddhena) | बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | बद्धस्स (baddhassa) or बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धत्थं (baddhatthaṃ) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | बद्धस्मा (baddhasmā) or बद्धम्हा (baddhamhā) or बद्धा (baddhā) | बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | बद्धस्स (baddhassa) | बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | बद्धस्मिं (baddhasmiṃ) or बद्धम्हि (baddhamhi) or बद्धे (baddhe) | बद्धेसु (baddhesu) |
Vocative (calling) | बद्ध (baddha) | बद्धानि (baddhāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- বদ্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬩᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- বদ্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰤𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ဗဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- બદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਬਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌬𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦧꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂥𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಬದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- ពទ្ធ (Khmer script)
- ພທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ബദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᠪᠠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘤𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠠᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧄𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐧𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ବଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢨꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆧𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖤𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- බද්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩲𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚠𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- ப³த்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
- బద్ధ (Telugu script)
- พทฺธ (Thai script)
- བ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒥𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨠𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (basta), Old Persian 𐎲𐎿𐎫 (b-s-t /basta/). Synchronically analysable as बन्ध् (bandh, root) + -त (-ta).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bɐd.dʱɐ́/, [bɐd̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ˈbɐd̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈbɐd̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Participle
[edit]बद्ध • (baddhá) past passive participle (root बन्ध्)
- bound, tied
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.3:
- च॒त्वारि॒ शृङ्गा॒ त्रयो॑ अस्य॒ पादा॒ द्वे शी॒र्षे स॒प्त हस्ता॑सो अस्य ।
त्रिधा॑ ब॒द्धो वृ॑ष॒भो रो॑रवीति म॒हो दे॒वो मर्त्याँ॒ आ वि॑वेश ॥- catvā́ri śṛ́ṅgā tráyo asya pā́dā dvé śīrṣé saptá hástāso asya.
trídhā baddhó vṛṣabhó roravīti mahó devó mártyām̐ ā́ viveśa. - Four are his horns, three are the feet that bear him; his heads are two, his hands are seven in number.
Bound thrice, the Steer roars loudly: the mighty God hath entered in to mortals.
- catvā́ri śṛ́ṅgā tráyo asya pā́dā dvé śīrṣé saptá hástāso asya.
- च॒त्वारि॒ शृङ्गा॒ त्रयो॑ अस्य॒ पादा॒ द्वे शी॒र्षे स॒प्त हस्ता॑सो अस्य ।
- fettered, chained
- fixed, fastened
- captured, imprisoned, caught, confined
- bound by the fetters of existence or evil
- hanged, hung
- tied up (as a braid of hair)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of बद्ध (baddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | बद्धः baddháḥ |
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹ baddhaú / baddhā́¹ |
बद्धाः / बद्धासः¹ baddhā́ḥ / baddhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | बद्ध báddha |
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹ báddhau / báddhā¹ |
बद्धाः / बद्धासः¹ báddhāḥ / báddhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | बद्धम् baddhám |
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹ baddhaú / baddhā́¹ |
बद्धान् baddhā́n |
Instrumental | बद्धेन baddhéna |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धैः / बद्धेभिः¹ baddhaíḥ / baddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | बद्धाय baddhā́ya |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धेभ्यः baddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | बद्धात् baddhā́t |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धेभ्यः baddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | बद्धस्य baddhásya |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धानाम् baddhā́nām |
Locative | बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धेषु baddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of बद्धा (baddhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | बद्धा baddhā́ |
बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धाः baddhā́ḥ |
Vocative | बद्धे báddhe |
बद्धे báddhe |
बद्धाः báddhāḥ |
Accusative | बद्धाम् baddhā́m |
बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धाः baddhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | बद्धया / बद्धा¹ baddháyā / baddhā́¹ |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धाभिः baddhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | बद्धायै baddhā́yai |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धाभ्यः baddhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | बद्धायाः / बद्धायै² baddhā́yāḥ / baddhā́yai² |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धाभ्यः baddhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | बद्धायाः / बद्धायै² baddhā́yāḥ / baddhā́yai² |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धानाम् baddhā́nām |
Locative | बद्धायाम् baddhā́yām |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धासु baddhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of बद्ध (baddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | बद्धम् baddhám |
बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹ baddhā́ni / baddhā́¹ |
Vocative | बद्ध báddha |
बद्धे báddhe |
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹ báddhāni / báddhā¹ |
Accusative | बद्धम् baddhám |
बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹ baddhā́ni / baddhā́¹ |
Instrumental | बद्धेन baddhéna |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धैः / बद्धेभिः¹ baddhaíḥ / baddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | बद्धाय baddhā́ya |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धेभ्यः baddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | बद्धात् baddhā́t |
बद्धाभ्याम् baddhā́bhyām |
बद्धेभ्यः baddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | बद्धस्य baddhásya |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धानाम् baddhā́nām |
Locative | बद्धे baddhé |
बद्धयोः baddháyoḥ |
बद्धेषु baddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- बद्धक (baddhaka)
Descendants
[edit]- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀥 (badha /baddha/)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: බද (bada)
- Pali: baddha
- → Bengali: বদ্ধ (boddho)
- → Gujarati: બદ્ધ (baddh)
- → Hindi: बद्ध (baddh)
- → Kannada: ಬದ್ಧ (baddha)
- → Malayalam: ബദ്ധം (baddhaṁ)
- → Marathi: बद्ध (baddha)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “बद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 719/3, 720/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 208
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root बन्ध्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Pali lemmas
- Pali adjectives
- Pali adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root बन्ध्
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit non-lemma forms
- Sanskrit participles
- Sanskrit past participles
- Sanskrit passive participles
- Sanskrit past passive participles
- Sanskrit participles in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives