नाग
Hindi
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नाग (nāga).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]नाग • (nāg) m (Urdu spelling ناگ)
- male serpent
- (specifically) Indian cobra, Naja naja
- Synonym: भुजंग (bhujaṅg)
- (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) naga
Declension
[edit]Declension of नाग (masc cons-stem)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नाग”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Noun
[edit]नाग m
- Devanagari script form of nāga
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "नाग" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | नागो (nāgo) | नागा (nāgā) |
| Accusative (second) | नागं (nāgaṃ) | नागे (nāge) |
| Instrumental (third) | नागेन (nāgena) | नागेहि (nāgehi) or नागेभि (nāgebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | नागस्स (nāgassa) or नागाय (nāgāya) or नागत्थं (nāgatthaṃ) | नागानं (nāgānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | नागस्मा (nāgasmā) or नागम्हा (nāgamhā) or नागा (nāgā) | नागेहि (nāgehi) or नागेभि (nāgebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | नागस्स (nāgassa) | नागानं (nāgānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | नागस्मिं (nāgasmiṃ) or नागम्हि (nāgamhi) or नागे (nāge) | नागेसु (nāgesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | नाग (nāga) | नागा (nāgā) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
- নাগ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬵᬕ (Balinese script)
- নাগ (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰯𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀸𑀕 (Brahmi script)
- နာဂ (Burmese script)
- નાગ (Gujarati script)
- ਨਾਗ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌾𑌗 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂰𑂏 (Kaithi script)
- ನಾಗ (Kannada script)
- នាគ (Khmer script)
- ນາຄ (Lao script)
- നാഗ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠠ᠊ᠠᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘰𑘐 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠠᢗᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧑𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐵𑐐 (Newa script)
- ନାଗ (Odia script)
- ꢥꢵꢔ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆳𑆓 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖯𑖐 (Siddham script)
- නාග (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩛𑩞 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚭𑚌 (Takri script)
- நாக³ (Tamil script)
- నాగ (Telugu script)
- นาค (Thai script)
- ནཱ་ག (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒰𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨊𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Probably the same word as नाग (nāga, “elephant”). Both the meanings “snake” and “elephant” can be explained as “*naked, hairless animal”, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”). Cognate with Lithuanian núogas (“naked”). See also नग्न (nagná-, “naked”).[1]
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nog-ó-s, from *(s)neg- (“to crawl; a creeping thing”) and cognate with Old English snaca (whence English snake).
Noun
[edit]नाग • (nāgá) stem, m
- a snake, especially of species Naja naja
- a naga or serpent-demon
- name of the numbers 7 and 8
- one of the five airs of the human body (which is expelled by eructation)
- any of several plants (Mesua roxburghii, Rottlera tinctoria etc.)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागः (nāgáḥ) | नागौ (nāgaú) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
नागाः (nāgā́ḥ) नागासः¹ (nāgā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | नाग (nā́ga) | नागौ (nā́gau) नागा¹ (nā́gā¹) |
नागाः (nā́gāḥ) नागासः¹ (nā́gāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागौ (nāgaú) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
नागान् (nāgā́n) |
| instrumental | नागेन (nāgéna) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागैः (nāgaíḥ) नागेभिः¹ (nāgébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नागाय (nāgā́ya) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नागात् (nāgā́t) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नागस्य (nāgásya) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागानाम् (nāgā́nām) |
| locative | नागे (nāgé) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागेषु (nāgéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]Descendants
- Pali: nāga
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀬 (ṇāya)
- Sinhalese: නයා (nayā)
- Punjabi: ਨਾਗ (nāg, “cobra”)
- Saraiki: نانگ (nāng, “snake”)
- Sindhi: نانگ (“snake”)
- → Burmese: နဂါး (na.ga:), နာဂ (naga.)
- → Chinese:
- Mandarin: 那伽 (nàjiā)
- → English: naga, naja
- → Hindi: नाग (nāg)
- → Bengali: নাগ (nag)
- → Italian: naga
- → Kannada: ನಾಗ (nāga)
- → Kashmiri: ناگ (nāg, “snake, lake, spring”)
- → Khmer: នាគ (niək)
- → Lao: ນາກ (nāk)
- → Lü: ᦓᦱᧅ (naak)
- → Malayalam: നാഗം (nāgaṁ)
- → Malay: naga
- Indonesian: naga
- → Mon: နာ်
- → Odia: ନାଗ (nāga)
- → Tamil: நாக (nāka), நாகம் (nākam)
- Tampuan: ណាក
- → Telugu: నాగము (nāgamu)
- → Thai: นาค (nâak)
Adjective
[edit]नाग • (nāgá) stem
- formed of snakes, relating to serpents or serpents-demons, snaky, serpentine, serpent-like
- belonging to an elephant, elephantine (as urine)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागः (nāgáḥ) | नागौ (nāgaú) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
नागाः (nāgā́ḥ) नागासः¹ (nāgā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | नाग (nā́ga) | नागौ (nā́gau) नागा¹ (nā́gā¹) |
नागाः (nā́gāḥ) नागासः¹ (nā́gāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागौ (nāgaú) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
नागान् (nāgā́n) |
| instrumental | नागेन (nāgéna) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागैः (nāgaíḥ) नागेभिः¹ (nāgébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नागाय (nāgā́ya) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नागात् (nāgā́t) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नागस्य (nāgásya) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागानाम् (nāgā́nām) |
| locative | नागे (nāgé) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागेषु (nāgéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागा (nāgā́) | नागे (nāgé) | नागाः (nāgā́ḥ) |
| vocative | नागे (nā́ge) | नागे (nā́ge) | नागाः (nā́gāḥ) |
| accusative | नागाम् (nāgā́m) | नागे (nāgé) | नागाः (nāgā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | नागया (nāgáyā) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागाभिः (nāgā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | नागायै (nāgā́yai) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागाभ्यः (nāgā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नागायाः (nāgā́yāḥ) नागायै² (nāgā́yai²) |
नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागाभ्यः (nāgā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नागायाः (nāgā́yāḥ) नागायै² (nāgā́yai²) |
नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागानाम् (nāgā́nām) |
| locative | नागायाम् (nāgā́yām) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागासु (nāgā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागे (nāgé) | नागानि (nāgā́ni) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
| vocative | नाग (nā́ga) | नागे (nā́ge) | नागानि (nā́gāni) नागा¹ (nā́gā¹) |
| accusative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागे (nāgé) | नागानि (nāgā́ni) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
| instrumental | नागेन (nāgéna) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागैः (nāgaíḥ) नागेभिः¹ (nāgébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नागाय (nāgā́ya) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नागात् (nāgā́t) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नागस्य (nāgásya) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागानाम् (nāgā́nām) |
| locative | नागे (nāgé) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागेषु (nāgéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागी (nāgī́) | नाग्यौ (nāgyaù) नागी¹ (nāgī́¹) |
नाग्यः (nāgyàḥ) नागीः¹ (nāgī́ḥ¹) |
| vocative | नागि (nā́gi) | नाग्यौ (nā́gyau) नागी¹ (nā́gī¹) |
नाग्यः (nā́gyaḥ) नागीः¹ (nā́gīḥ¹) |
| accusative | नागीम् (nāgī́m) | नाग्यौ (nāgyaù) नागी¹ (nāgī́¹) |
नागीः (nāgī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | नाग्या (nāgyā́) | नागीभ्याम् (nāgī́bhyām) | नागीभिः (nāgī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | नाग्यै (nāgyaí) | नागीभ्याम् (nāgī́bhyām) | नागीभ्यः (nāgī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नाग्याः (nāgyā́ḥ) नाग्यै² (nāgyaí²) |
नागीभ्याम् (nāgī́bhyām) | नागीभ्यः (nāgī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नाग्याः (nāgyā́ḥ) नाग्यै² (nāgyaí²) |
नाग्योः (nāgyóḥ) | नागीनाम् (nāgī́nām) |
| locative | नाग्याम् (nāgyā́m) | नाग्योः (nāgyóḥ) | नागीषु (nāgī́ṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Sumerian 𒀭𒈾 (anna). Compare Classical Syriac ܐܢܟܐ (ʾānḵāʾ, “tin”), Biblical Hebrew אֲנָךְ (ʾănāḵ) , Arabic آنُك (ʔānuk, “lead; tin”).
Noun
[edit]नाग • (nāgá) stem, n
- tin, lead
- a kind of talc
- a kind of coitus
- name of the 3rd invariable करण (karaṇa)
- name of the effects of that period on anything happening during it
- name of a district of भारतवर्ष (bhāratavarṣa)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागे (nāgé) | नागानि (nāgā́ni) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
| vocative | नाग (nā́ga) | नागे (nā́ge) | नागानि (nā́gāni) नागा¹ (nā́gā¹) |
| accusative | नागम् (nāgám) | नागे (nāgé) | नागानि (nāgā́ni) नागा¹ (nāgā́¹) |
| instrumental | नागेन (nāgéna) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागैः (nāgaíḥ) नागेभिः¹ (nāgébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नागाय (nāgā́ya) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नागात् (nāgā́t) | नागाभ्याम् (nāgā́bhyām) | नागेभ्यः (nāgébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नागस्य (nāgásya) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागानाम् (nāgā́nām) |
| locative | नागे (nāgé) | नागयोः (nāgáyoḥ) | नागेषु (nāgéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”). See नाग (nāga, “snake”).
Noun
[edit]नाग • (nāga) stem, m
- an elephant
- c. 80 CE – 150 CE, Aśvaghoṣa, Buddhacarita 3.2:
- श्रुत्वा ततः स्त्रीजनवल्लभानां मनोज्ञभावं पुरकाननानाम् ।
बहिःप्रयाणाय चकार बुद्धिम् अन्तर्गृहे नाग इवावरुद्धः ॥- śrutvā tataḥ strījanavallabhānāṃ manojñabhāvaṃ purakānanānām.
bahiḥprayāṇāya cakāra buddhim antargṛhe nāga ivāvaruddhaḥ.
- 1893 translation by E. B. Cowell
- Having heard of the delightful appearance of the city groves beloved by the women,
He resolved to go out of doors, like an elephant long shut up in a house.
- Having heard of the delightful appearance of the city groves beloved by the women,
- śrutvā tataḥ strījanavallabhānāṃ manojñabhāvaṃ purakānanānām.
- श्रुत्वा ततः स्त्रीजनवल्लभानां मनोज्ञभावं पुरकाननानाम् ।
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nāga-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 33
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “नाग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0532.
Categories:
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- hi:Hinduism
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- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neg-
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- sa:Elephants
- sa:Fish
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