तथागत

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪ə.t̪ʰɑː.ɡət̪/, [t̪ɐ.t̪ʰäː.ɡɐt̪]

Noun

तथागत • (tathāgat) m (Urdu spelling تتھاگتا)

(Buddhism) tathagata

Declension

Declension of तथागत (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तथागत tathāgat	तथागत tathāgat
oblique	तथागत tathāgat	तथागतों tathāgatõ
vocative	तथागत tathāgat	तथागतो tathāgato

References

Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “तथागत”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तथागत”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t̪ə.t̪ʰa.ɡət̪/

Noun

तथागत • (tathāgat) m

(Buddhism) tathagata

Declension

Declension of तथागत (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	तथागत tathāgat
direct plural	तथागत tathāgat
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	तथागत tathāgat	तथागत tathāgat
oblique सामान्यरूप	तथागता tathāgatā	तथागतां- tathāgatān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	तथागताला tathāgatālā	तथागतांना tathāgatānnā
ergative	तथागताने, तथागतानं tathāgatāne, tathāgatāna	तथागतांनी tathāgatānnī
instrumental	तथागताशी tathāgatāśī	तथागतांशी tathāgatānśī
locative सप्तमी	तथागतात tathāgatāt	तथागतांत tathāgatāt
vocative संबोधन	तथागता tathāgatā	तथागतांनो tathāgatānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of तथागत (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	तथागताचा tathāgatāċā	तथागताचे tathāgatāċe	तथागताची tathāgatācī	तथागताच्या tathāgatācā	तथागताचे, तथागताचं tathāgatāċe, tathāgatāċa	तथागताची tathāgatācī	तथागताच्या tathāgatācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	तथागतांचा tathāgatānċā	तथागतांचे tathāgatānċe	तथागतांची tathāgatāñcī	तथागतांच्या tathāgatāncā	तथागतांचे, तथागतांचं tathāgatānċe, tathāgatānċa	तथागतांची tathāgatāñcī	तथागतांच्या tathāgatāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “तथागत”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

tathāgata (Latin script)
𑀢𑀣𑀸𑀕𑀢 (Brahmi script)
তথাগত (Bengali script)
තථාගත (Sinhalese script)
တထာဂတ or တထႃၷတ (Burmese script)
ตถาคต or ตะถาคะตะ (Thai script)
ᨲᨳᩣᨣᨲ (Tai Tham script)
ຕຖາຄຕ or ຕະຖາຄະຕະ (Lao script)
តថាគត (Khmer script)
𑄖𑄗𑄂𑄉𑄖 (Chakma script)

Noun

तथागत m

Devanagari script form of tathāgata

Declension

Declension table of "तथागत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	तथागतो (tathāgato)	तथागता (tathāgatā)
Accusative (second)	तथागतं (tathāgataṃ)	तथागते (tathāgate)
Instrumental (third)	तथागतेन (tathāgatena)	तथागतेहि (tathāgatehi) or तथागतेभि (tathāgatebhi)
Dative (fourth)	तथागतस्स (tathāgatassa) or तथागताय (tathāgatāya) or तथागतत्थं (tathāgatatthaṃ)	तथागतानं (tathāgatānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	तथागतस्मा (tathāgatasmā) or तथागतम्हा (tathāgatamhā) or तथागता (tathāgatā)	तथागतेहि (tathāgatehi) or तथागतेभि (tathāgatebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	तथागतस्स (tathāgatassa)	तथागतानं (tathāgatānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	तथागतस्मिं (tathāgatasmiṃ) or तथागतम्हि (tathāgatamhi) or तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतेसु (tathāgatesu)
Vocative (calling)	तथागत (tathāgata)	तथागता (tathāgatā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

তথাগত (Assamese script)
ᬢᬣᬵᬕᬢ (Balinese script)
তথাগত (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰞𑰯𑰐𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑀣𑀸𑀕𑀢 (Brahmi script)
တထာဂတ (Burmese script)
તથાગત (Gujarati script)
ਤਥਾਗਤ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑌥𑌾𑌗𑌤 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦡꦴꦒꦠ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂟𑂰𑂏𑂞 (Kaithi script)
ತಥಾಗತ (Kannada script)
តថាគត (Khmer script)
ຕຖາຄຕ (Lao script)
തഥാഗത (Malayalam script)
ᢠᠠᡨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘞𑘰𑘐𑘝 (Modi script)
ᢐᠠᠲᠠᢗᠺᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑦾𑧑𑦰𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑐠𑐵𑐐𑐟 (Newa script)
ତଥାଗତ (Odia script)
ꢡꢢꢵꢔꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑆡𑆳𑆓𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖞𑖯𑖐𑖝 (Siddham script)
තථාගත (Sinhalese script)
𑩫𑩬𑩛𑩞𑩫 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚚𑚭𑚌𑚙 (Takri script)
தத²ாக³த (Tamil script)
తథాగత (Telugu script)
ตถาคต (Thai script)
ཏ་ཐཱ་ག་ཏ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑒟𑒰𑒑𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑨚𑨊𑨍𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

The Buddhist term was possibly borrowed from the Prakrit language of the early Buddhist community, but this is uncertain. The term (in any language) might have been "pre-Buddhistic",^[1] and there have been various surface analyses, often entwined with philosophical intricacies. In borrowing languages such as Chinese, it is analysed as तथा (tathā, “thus, in that manner”) +‎ आगत (āgata, “come”, past passive participle). It may also be analysed as तथा (tathā) +‎ गत (gata, “gone; gone to a certain state or condition”) according to Monier Williams.^[2] Cognate with Pali tathāgata.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ.tʰɑː.ɡɐ.tɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐ.t̪ʰɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

तथागत • (tathāgata) stem

being in such a state or condition; of such a quality or nature
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 5.27.1:
  तथागतां तां व्यथिताम् अनिन्दितां व्यपेतहर्षां परिदीनमानसाम् ।
  शुभां निमित्तानि शुभानि भेजिरे नरं श्रिया जुष्टम् इवोपजीविनः ॥
  tathāgatāṃ tāṃ vyathitām aninditāṃ vyapetaharṣāṃ paridīnamānasām.
  śubhāṃ nimittāni śubhāni bhejire naraṃ śriyā juṣṭam ivopajīvinaḥ.
  Like subjects (flocking to) a man visited upon by Fortune, auspicious signs fell to the lot of the one who was in such (affliction), shaken, yet faultless, (who was) bereft of joy, assaulted by sorrow in the heart, yet righteous.
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 2.43.7:
  तथागतं तु तं दृष्ट्वा भीमसेनो महाबलः ।
  अर्जुनश्च यमौ चोभौ सर्वे ते प्राहसंस्तदा ॥
  tathāgataṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā bhīmaseno mahābalaḥ.
  arjunaśca yamau cobhau sarve te prāhasaṃstadā.
  Upon seeing him fall into such (pathetic) state, Bhīmasena the Mighty,
  Arjuna, and both the twins all burst out in laughter simultaneously.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तथागत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तथागतः (tathāgataḥ)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹)
vocative	तथागत (tathāgata)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹)
accusative	तथागतम् (tathāgatam)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागतान् (tathāgatān)
instrumental	तथागतेन (tathāgatena)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹)
dative	तथागताय (tathāgatāya)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
ablative	तथागतात् (tathāgatāt)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
genitive	तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām)
locative	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of तथागता
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तथागता (tathāgatā)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ)
vocative	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ)
accusative	तथागताम् (tathāgatām)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ)
instrumental	तथागतया (tathāgatayā) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागताभिः (tathāgatābhiḥ)
dative	तथागतायै (tathāgatāyai)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागताभ्यः (tathāgatābhyaḥ)
ablative	तथागतायाः (tathāgatāyāḥ) तथागतायै² (tathāgatāyai²)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागताभ्यः (tathāgatābhyaḥ)
genitive	तथागतायाः (tathāgatāyāḥ) तथागतायै² (tathāgatāyai²)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām)
locative	तथागतायाम् (tathāgatāyām)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतासु (tathāgatāsu)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of तथागत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तथागतम् (tathāgatam)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)
vocative	तथागत (tathāgata)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)
accusative	तथागतम् (tathāgatam)	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)
instrumental	तथागतेन (tathāgatena)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹)
dative	तथागताय (tathāgatāya)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
ablative	तथागतात् (tathāgatāt)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
genitive	तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām)
locative	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu)

¹Vedic

Noun

तथागत • (tathāgata) stem, m

(Buddhism) tathagata (an appellation for Buddhas, especially the Gautama Buddha)
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 9.3:
  ननूक्तं कुलपुत्र तथागतेनाशिक्षितो न परिभवितव्य इति ।
  nanūktaṃ kulaputra tathāgatenāśikṣito na paribhavitavya iti.
  Hasn't it been said after the Tathāgata, O noble prince, that the unlearned is not to be slighted?

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तथागत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तथागतः (tathāgataḥ)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹)
vocative	तथागत (tathāgata)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹)
accusative	तथागतम् (tathāgatam)	तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹)	तथागतान् (tathāgatān)
instrumental	तथागतेन (tathāgatena)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹)
dative	तथागताय (tathāgatāya)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
ablative	तथागतात् (tathāgatāt)	तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām)	तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ)
genitive	तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām)
locative	तथागते (tathāgate)	तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ)	तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu)

¹Vedic

References

^ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “tathāgata”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead, page 296
^ Monier Williams (1899) “तथागत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 433, column 3.

[PTS-1] Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “tathāgata”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead, page 296

[MW-2] Monier Williams (1899) “तथागत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 433, column 3.

[1]

[2]