आगत

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আগত (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬕᬢ (Balinese script)
• আগত (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰐𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀕𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• အာဂတ (Burmese script)
• આગત (Gujarati script)
• ਆਗਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌗𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦒꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂏𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಆಗತ (Kannada script)
• អាគត (Khmer script)
• ອາຄຕ (Lao script)
• ആഗത (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘐𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᠺᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑦰𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐐𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଆଗତ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢔꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆓𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖐𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ආගත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩞𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚌𑚙 (Takri script)
• ஆக³த (Tamil script)
• ఆగత (Telugu script)
• อาคต (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་ག་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒑𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨍𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ā́-gatas (“come, arrived”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Cognate with Khotanese 𑀆𑀢 (āta), Parthian [script needed] (āγad, “come”), Bashkardi [script needed] (yaht). By surface analysis, आ (ā) +‎ गम् (gam, root) +‎ -त (-ta).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑ́ː.ɡɐ.tɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/

Participle

आगत • (ā́gata) past passive participle (root आगम्)

1. past participle of आगम् (āgam); come, arrived
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.71.10:

     सर्वे॑ नन्दन्ति य॒शस्आग॑तेन सभासा॒हेन॒ सख्या॒ सखा॑यः ।
     कि॒ल्बि॒ष॒स्पृत्पि॑तु॒षणि॒र्ह्ये॑षा॒मरं॑ हि॒तो भव॑ति॒ वाजि॑नाय ॥

     sárve nandanti yaśásā́gatena sabhāsāhéna sákhyā sákhāyaḥ.
     kilbiṣaspṛ́tpituṣáṇirhyèṣāmáraṃ hitó bhávati vā́jināya.

     All friends are joyful in the friend who has come in triumph, having conquered in assembly.
     He is their blame-averter, food-provider; he is prepared and fit for deed of vigour.

2. returned
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
3. come into existence, born

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आगत

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आगतः (āgataḥ)	आगतौ (āgatau) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)	आगताः (āgatāḥ) आगतासः¹ (āgatāsaḥ¹)
vocative	आगत (āgata)	आगतौ (āgatau) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)	आगताः (āgatāḥ) आगतासः¹ (āgatāsaḥ¹)
accusative	आगतम् (āgatam)	आगतौ (āgatau) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)	आगतान् (āgatān)
instrumental	आगतेन (āgatena)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतैः (āgataiḥ) आगतेभिः¹ (āgatebhiḥ¹)
dative	आगताय (āgatāya)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतेभ्यः (āgatebhyaḥ)
ablative	आगतात् (āgatāt)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतेभ्यः (āgatebhyaḥ)
genitive	आगतस्य (āgatasya)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतानाम् (āgatānām)
locative	आगते (āgate)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतेषु (āgateṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of आगता

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आगता (āgatā)	आगते (āgate)	आगताः (āgatāḥ)
vocative	आगते (āgate)	आगते (āgate)	आगताः (āgatāḥ)
accusative	आगताम् (āgatām)	आगते (āgate)	आगताः (āgatāḥ)
instrumental	आगतया (āgatayā) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगताभिः (āgatābhiḥ)
dative	आगतायै (āgatāyai)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगताभ्यः (āgatābhyaḥ)
ablative	आगतायाः (āgatāyāḥ) आगतायै² (āgatāyai²)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगताभ्यः (āgatābhyaḥ)
genitive	आगतायाः (āgatāyāḥ) आगतायै² (āgatāyai²)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतानाम् (āgatānām)
locative	आगतायाम् (āgatāyām)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतासु (āgatāsu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of आगत

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आगतम् (āgatam)	आगते (āgate)	आगतानि (āgatāni) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)
vocative	आगत (āgata)	आगते (āgate)	आगतानि (āgatāni) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)
accusative	आगतम् (āgatam)	आगते (āgate)	आगतानि (āgatāni) आगता¹ (āgatā¹)
instrumental	आगतेन (āgatena)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतैः (āgataiḥ) आगतेभिः¹ (āgatebhiḥ¹)
dative	आगताय (āgatāya)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतेभ्यः (āgatebhyaḥ)
ablative	आगतात् (āgatāt)	आगताभ्याम् (āgatābhyām)	आगतेभ्यः (āgatebhyaḥ)
genitive	आगतस्य (āgatasya)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतानाम् (āgatānām)
locative	आगते (āgate)	आगतयोः (āgatayoḥ)	आगतेषु (āgateṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from आगत (ā́gata)

• Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨡 (agada)
• Pali: āgata
• Prakrit:

  Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀬 (āgaya)

  Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀅 (āgaa), 𑀆𑀅𑀅 (āaa), 𑀆𑀬 (āya), 𑀆𑀅 (āa)

  • ⇒ Konkani: आयल्लो (āyllo), आयिल्लो (āyillo), आइल्लो (āillo) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-illa-))
  • ⇒ Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘩𑘹𑘽 (āleṃ) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-lla-))
    • Marathi: आले (āle)
  • ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀏𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀆 (āgaelliā)

  Paisaci Prakrit:

  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Old Punjabi: ਆਇਆ (āiā), ਆਇਓ (āio)
      • Punjabi:

        Gurmukhi script: ਆਇਆ (āiā)

        Shahmukhi script: آیا

  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: آيو

      Devanagari script: आयो

  Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀤 (āgada), 𑀆𑀅𑀤 (āada)

  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Old Hindi: आय़ा (āyā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))
      • Hindustani: āyā

        Hindi: आया

        Urdu: آیا

Learned borrowings from आगत (ā́gata)

• Assamese: আগত (agot)
• Bengali: আগত (agoto)
• Gujarati: આગત (āgat)
• Hindi: आगत (āgat)
• Maithili:

  Tirhuta script: 𑒂𑒑𑒞 (āgata)

  Devanagari script: आगत (āgat)

• Malayalam: ആഗതം (āgataṁ)
• Odia: ଆଗତ (āgata)
• Sinhalese: ආගත (āgata)
• Telugu: ఆగతము (āgatamu)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āˊgata”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press