घर्षति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘৰ্ষতি (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬃᬱᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• ঘর্ষতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰬𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀱𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဃရ္ၑတိ (Burmese script)
• ઘર્ષતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਘਰ੍ਸ਼ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌷𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦂꦰꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂭𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಘರ್ಷತಿ (Kannada script)
• ឃឞ៌តិ (Khmer script)
• ຆຣ຺ຩຕິ (Lao script)
• ഘര്ഷതി (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᠠᡵᢢᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘬𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠠᠷᢔᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧌𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐲𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଘର୍ଷତି (Odia script)
• ꢕꢬ꣄ꢰꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆰𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖬𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ඝර්‍ෂති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑪀𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• க⁴ர்ஷதி (Tamil script)
• ఘర్షతి (Telugu script)
• ฆรฺษติ (Thai script)
• གྷ་རྵ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒭𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨯𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰárṣati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰáršati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰérs-e-ti, from *gʰers- (“to rub, scrape”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χαράσσω (kharássō), Proto-Slavic *gorxъ.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐ́ɾ.ʂɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱɐɾ.ʂɐ.t̪i/

Verb

घर्षति • (ghárṣati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type UP, root घृष्)

1. to rub, brush, polish

Conjugation

Present: घर्षति (ghárṣati), घर्षते (ghárṣate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	घर्षति ghárṣati	घर्षतः ghárṣataḥ	घर्षन्ति ghárṣanti	घर्षते ghárṣate	घर्षेते ghárṣete	घर्षन्ते ghárṣante
Second	घर्षसि ghárṣasi	घर्षथः ghárṣathaḥ	घर्षथ ghárṣatha	घर्षसे ghárṣase	घर्षेथे ghárṣethe	घर्षध्वे ghárṣadhve
First	घर्षामि ghárṣāmi	घर्षावः ghárṣāvaḥ	घर्षामः ghárṣāmaḥ	घर्षे ghárṣe	घर्षावहे ghárṣāvahe	घर्षामहे ghárṣāmahe
Imperative
Third	घर्षतु ghárṣatu	घर्षताम् ghárṣatām	घर्षन्तु ghárṣantu	घर्षताम् ghárṣatām	घर्षेताम् ghárṣetām	घर्षन्ताम् ghárṣantām
Second	घर्ष ghárṣa	घर्षतम् ghárṣatam	घर्षत ghárṣata	घर्षस्व ghárṣasva	घर्षेथाम् ghárṣethām	घर्षध्वम् ghárṣadhvam
First	घर्षाणि ghárṣāṇi	घर्षाव ghárṣāva	घर्षाम ghárṣāma	घर्षै ghárṣai	घर्षावहै ghárṣāvahai	घर्षामहै ghárṣāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	घर्षेत् ghárṣet	घर्षेताम् ghárṣetām	घर्षेयुः ghárṣeyuḥ	घर्षेत ghárṣeta	घर्षेयाताम् ghárṣeyātām	घर्षेरन् ghárṣeran
Second	घर्षेः ghárṣeḥ	घर्षेतम् ghárṣetam	घर्षेत ghárṣeta	घर्षेथाः ghárṣethāḥ	घर्षेयाथाम् ghárṣeyāthām	घर्षेध्वम् ghárṣedhvam
First	घर्षेयम् ghárṣeyam	घर्षेव ghárṣeva	घर्षेम ghárṣema	घर्षेय ghárṣeya	घर्षेवहि ghárṣevahi	घर्षेमहि ghárṣemahi
Participles
	घर्षत् ghárṣat			घर्षमाण ghárṣamāṇa

Imperfect: अघर्षत् (ágharṣat), अघर्षत (ágharṣata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अघर्षत् ágharṣat	अघर्षताम् ágharṣatām	अघर्षन् ágharṣan	अघर्षत ágharṣata	अघर्षेताम् ágharṣetām	अघर्षन्त ágharṣanta
Second	अघर्षः ágharṣaḥ	अघर्षतम् ágharṣatam	अघर्षत ágharṣata	अघर्षथाः ágharṣathāḥ	अघर्षेथाम् ágharṣethām	अघर्षध्वम् ágharṣadhvam
First	अघर्षम् ágharṣam	अघर्षाव ágharṣāva	अघर्षाम ágharṣāma	अघर्षे ágharṣe	अघर्षावहि ágharṣāvahi	अघर्षामहि ágharṣāmahi

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: gaṣ-
  • Kashmiri: gᵃhun

    Arabic script: گہُن

    Devanagari script: गहुन

  • Shina: [script needed] (gaẓoiki)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gaš-
• Pali: ghaṃsati
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀇 (ghāsaï)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: ghasnā
        • Hindi: घसना
        • Urdu: گھَسنَا
    • Romani: khosel
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Lahnda: گھسݨ (ghasuṇ)
        • Punjabi: ghasṇā

          Gurmukhi script: ਘਸਣਾ

          Shahmukhi script: گھَسݨَا

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi:

          Arabic script: گَسَڻُ

          Devanagari script: गसणु

          • Kachchi: ઘાસણૂ (ghāsṇū)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ގާނަނީ (gānanī), ޖަހަނީ (jahanī)
      • Sinhalese: ගානවා (gānawā)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀸𑀲𑀇 (ghāsaï)
      • Konkani: ghāsce

        Devanagari script: घास्चे

        Kannada script: ಘಾಸ್ಛೆ

        Latin script: ghasche

      • Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘰𑘭𑘜𑘹 (ghāsaṇe)
        • Marathi: घासणे (ghāsṇe)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gujarati: ઘસવું (ghasvũ), ઘાસવું (ghāsvũ)
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀲𑀇 (ghasaï)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: ghisnā, ghasnā
        • Hindi: घिसना, घसना
        • Urdu: گھِسنَا, گھَسنَا
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: ঘঁহিব (ghõhibo)
      • Bengali: ঘেঁষা (ghẽśa)
      • Odia: ଘଷିବା (ghashibā)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: घस्णु (ghasṇu), घुस्णु (ghusṇu)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: घस्नु (ghasnu), घिसिनु (ghisinu)
          • ⇒ Nepali: घिस्याउनु (ghisyāunu)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: ghauṇā, ghīh

          Gurmukhi script: ਘੌਣਾ, ਘੀਹ

          Arabic script: گھَوݨَا, گھِیہ

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: gahaṇu

          Arabic script: گَهَڻُ

          Devanagari script: गहनु

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “घर्षति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gharṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press