घर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)bor.

Hindi घर्म (gharm)

Borrowed from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá). Doublet of गर्म (garm), a borrowing from Persian.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱəɾm/, [ɡʱɐɾm]

Noun

घर्म • (gharm) m (Urdu spelling گھرم)

1. heat
2. hot weather
3. summer
4. sunshine

Declension

Declension of घर्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घर्म gharm	घर्म gharm
oblique	घर्म gharm	घर्मों gharmõ
vocative	घर्म gharm	घर्मो gharmo

See also

• घर्मी (gharmī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘৰ্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
• ঘর্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဃရ်္မ (Burmese script)
• ઘર્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਘਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಘರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• ឃម៌ (Khmer script)
• ຆຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
• ഘര്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଘର୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢕꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ඝර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• க⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
• ఘర్మ (Telugu script)
• ฆรฺม (Thai script)
• གྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (gar^əma, “hot; warmth”), Persian گرم (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ/

Noun

घ॒र्म • (gharmá) stem, m (root घृ)

1. heat, warmth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.180.4:

     यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे ।
     तद्वां॑ नरावश्विना॒ पश्व॑इष्टी॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रा प्रति॑ यन्ति॒ मध्वः॑ ॥

     yuváṃ ha gharmáṃ mádhumantamátrayeʼpó ná kṣódoʼvṛṇītameṣé.
     tádvāṃ narāvaśvinā páśvaïṣṭī ráthyeva cakrā́ práti yanti mádhvaḥ.

     Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.
     Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.

2. hot weather
3. sunshine

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घर्म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	घर्मः (gharmáḥ)	घर्मौ (gharmaú) घर्मा¹ (gharmā́¹)	घर्माः (gharmā́ḥ) घर्मासः¹ (gharmā́saḥ¹)
vocative	घर्म (ghárma)	घर्मौ (ghármau) घर्मा¹ (ghármā¹)	घर्माः (ghármāḥ) घर्मासः¹ (ghármāsaḥ¹)
accusative	घर्मम् (gharmám)	घर्मौ (gharmaú) घर्मा¹ (gharmā́¹)	घर्मान् (gharmā́n)
instrumental	घर्मेण (gharméṇa)	घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām)	घर्मैः (gharmaíḥ) घर्मेभिः¹ (gharmébhiḥ¹)
dative	घर्माय (gharmā́ya)	घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām)	घर्मेभ्यः (gharmébhyaḥ)
ablative	घर्मात् (gharmā́t)	घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām)	घर्मेभ्यः (gharmébhyaḥ)
genitive	घर्मस्य (gharmásya)	घर्मयोः (gharmáyoḥ)	घर्माणाम् (gharmā́ṇām)
locative	घर्मे (gharmé)	घर्मयोः (gharmáyoḥ)	घर्मेषु (gharméṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: ghamma
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: घर्म (gharm)
  • Urdu: گھَرْم (gharm)
• → Gujarati: ઘર્મ (gharma)

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “gharma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.