गृध्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra). Doublet of गिद्ध (giddh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɪd̪ʱ.ɾᵊ/

Adjective

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) (indeclinable)

1. (rare, formal) greedy

   Synonyms: (more common) लालची (lālcī), लोभी (lobhī)

Noun

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) m

1. (rare, formal) a vulture

   Synonym: (more common) गिद्ध (giddh)

Declension

Declension of गृध्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्र gŕdhra
oblique	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रों gŕdhrõ
vocative	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रो gŕdhro

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “गृध्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृध्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “गृध्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৃধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬺᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• গৃধ্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰴𑰠𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဂၖဓြ (Burmese script)
• ગૃધ્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍃𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦽꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑃂𑂡𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೃಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
• គ្ឫធ្រ (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣິຘ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ഗൃധ്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᢡᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘵𑘠𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᢑᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧖𑧀𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐺𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଗୃଧ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢔꢺꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆸𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖴𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ගෘධ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩙𑩮 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚜𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• க்³ரித்⁴ர (Tamil script)
• గృధ్ర (Telugu script)
• คฺฤธฺร (Thai script)
• གྲྀ་དྷྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒵𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨜𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡŕ̩dʱ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “greedy”), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”).

Adjective

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem

1. desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रः (gṛ́dhraḥ)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रासः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
vocative	गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रासः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गृध्रम् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्रान् (gṛ́dhrān)
instrumental	गृध्रेण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रेभिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्राय (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रात् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्रस्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्राणाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रेषु (gṛ́dhreṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of गृध्रा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रा (gṛ́dhrā)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ)
vocative	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ)
accusative	गृध्राम् (gṛ́dhrām)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ)
instrumental	गृध्रया (gṛ́dhrayā) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्राभिः (gṛ́dhrābhiḥ)
dative	गृध्रायै (gṛ́dhrāyai)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्राभ्यः (gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रायाः (gṛ́dhrāyāḥ) गृध्रायै² (gṛ́dhrāyai²)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्राभ्यः (gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्रायाः (gṛ́dhrāyāḥ) गृध्रायै² (gṛ́dhrāyai²)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्राणाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रायाम् (gṛ́dhrāyām)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रासु (gṛ́dhrāsu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of गृध्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रम् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राणि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)
vocative	गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राणि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)
accusative	गृध्रम् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राणि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)
instrumental	गृध्रेण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रेभिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्राय (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रात् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्रस्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्राणाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रेषु (gṛ́dhreṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: giddha

Etymology 2

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

Noun

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem, m

1. a vulture
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:

     उलू॑कयातुं शुशु॒लूक॑यातुं ज॒हि श्वया॑तुमु॒त कोक॑यातुम्।
     सु॒प॒र्णया॑तुमु॒त गृध्र॑यातुं दृ॒षदे॑व॒ प्र मृ॑ण॒ रक्ष॑ इन्द्र॥

     úlūkayātuṃ śuśulū́kayātuṃ jahí śváyātumutá kókayātum.
     suparṇáyātumutá gṛ́dhrayātuṃ dṛṣádeva prá mṛṇa rákṣa indra.

     Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
     Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रः (gṛ́dhraḥ)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रासः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
vocative	गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रासः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गृध्रम् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रौ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्रान् (gṛ́dhrān)
instrumental	गृध्रेण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रेभिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्राय (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रात् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्राभ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रेभ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्रस्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्राणाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रयोः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रेषु (gṛ́dhreṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)
• Pali: gaddha
  • → Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• → Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)
• → Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)
• → Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 361.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “गृध्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gṛ́dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474