क्षेम
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣéma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]क्षेम • (kṣem) (indeclinable)
- habitable
- comfortable, at ease
Noun
[edit]क्षेम • (kṣem) m
- (rare, formal) safety, tranquillity, peace, rest
- an easy or comfortable state, happiness, welfare, prosperity
Declension
[edit]Declension of क्षेम (masc cons-stem)
References
[edit]- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “क्षेम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्षेम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ক্ষেম (Assamese script)
- ᬓ᭄ᬱᬾᬫ (Balinese script)
- ক্ষেম (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰸𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁂𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- က္ၑေမ (Burmese script)
- ક્ષેમ (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਸ਼ੇਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍇𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦏ꧀ꦰꦺꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂵𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಕ್ಷೇಮ (Kannada script)
- ក្ឞេម (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ເຩມ (Lao script)
- ക്ഷേമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᢢᡝᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘹𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢉᢔᠧᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧚𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐾𑐩 (Newa script)
- କ୍ଷେମ (Odia script)
- ꢒ꣄ꢰꢾꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆼𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖸𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ක්ෂෙම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩔𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚲𑚢 (Takri script)
- க்ஷேம (Tamil script)
- క్షేమ (Telugu script)
- กฺเษม (Thai script)
- ཀྵེ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒹𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨄𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *tḱóy-mo-, from the root *tḱey- (“to settle, to live”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”) (modern English home), Proto-Balto-Slavic *káimas (“settlement, village, countryside”) (Latvian ciems, Lithuanian káimas), Proto-Slavic *sěmь (“cohabitating”, adj.), Proto-Celtic *koimos (“dear”, adj.), and Albanian komb (“community, folk”). The Sanskrit root is क्षि (kṣi, “to dwell”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]क्षेम • (kṣéma) stem
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of क्षेम (kṣéma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षेमः kṣémaḥ |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमाः / क्षेमासः¹ kṣémāḥ / kṣémāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | क्षेम kṣéma |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमाः / क्षेमासः¹ kṣémāḥ / kṣémāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमान् kṣémān |
Instrumental | क्षेमेण kṣémeṇa |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमैः / क्षेमेभिः¹ kṣémaiḥ / kṣémebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | क्षेमाय kṣémāya |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षेमात् kṣémāt |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षेमस्य kṣémasya |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमाणाम् kṣémāṇām |
Locative | क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमेषु kṣémeṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of क्षेमा (kṣémā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षेमा kṣémā |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाः kṣémāḥ |
Vocative | क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाः kṣémāḥ |
Accusative | क्षेमाम् kṣémām |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाः kṣémāḥ |
Instrumental | क्षेमया / क्षेमा¹ kṣémayā / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमाभिः kṣémābhiḥ |
Dative | क्षेमायै kṣémāyai |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमाभ्यः kṣémābhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षेमायाः / क्षेमायै² kṣémāyāḥ / kṣémāyai² |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमाभ्यः kṣémābhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षेमायाः / क्षेमायै² kṣémāyāḥ / kṣémāyai² |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमाणाम् kṣémāṇām |
Locative | क्षेमायाम् kṣémāyām |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमासु kṣémāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of क्षेम (kṣéma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Vocative | क्षेम kṣéma |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Accusative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Instrumental | क्षेमेण kṣémeṇa |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमैः / क्षेमेभिः¹ kṣémaiḥ / kṣémebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | क्षेमाय kṣémāya |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षेमात् kṣémāt |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षेमस्य kṣémasya |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमाणाम् kṣémāṇām |
Locative | क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमेषु kṣémeṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
[edit]क्षेम • (kṣéma) stem, m or n
- safety, tranquillity, peace, rest
- an easy or comfortable state, happiness, welfare, prosperity
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.82.4:
- युवामिद्युत्सु पृतनासु वह्नयो युवां क्षेमस्य प्रसवे मितज्ञवः ।
ईशाना वस्व उभयस्य कारव इन्द्रावरुणा सुहवा हवामहे ॥- yuvāmidyutsu pṛtanāsu vahnayo yuvāṃ kṣemasya prasave mitajñavaḥ.
īśānā vasva ubhayasya kārava indrāvaruṇā suhavā havāmahe. - In battels and in frays we ministering priests, kneeling upon our knees for furtherance of our welfare,
Invoke you, only you, the Lords of twofold wealth, you prompt to hear, we bards, O Indra-Varuṇa.
- yuvāmidyutsu pṛtanāsu vahnayo yuvāṃ kṣemasya prasave mitajñavaḥ.
- युवामिद्युत्सु पृतनासु वह्नयो युवां क्षेमस्य प्रसवे मितज्ञवः ।
- basis, foundation
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of क्षेम (kṣéma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षेमः kṣémaḥ |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमाः / क्षेमासः¹ kṣémāḥ / kṣémāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | क्षेम kṣéma |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमाः / क्षेमासः¹ kṣémāḥ / kṣémāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमौ / क्षेमा¹ kṣémau / kṣémā¹ |
क्षेमान् kṣémān |
Instrumental | क्षेमेण kṣémeṇa |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमैः / क्षेमेभिः¹ kṣémaiḥ / kṣémebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | क्षेमाय kṣémāya |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षेमात् kṣémāt |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षेमस्य kṣémasya |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमाणाम् kṣémāṇām |
Locative | क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमेषु kṣémeṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of क्षेम (kṣéma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Vocative | क्षेम kṣéma |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Accusative | क्षेमम् kṣémam |
क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमाणि / क्षेमा¹ kṣémāṇi / kṣémā¹ |
Instrumental | क्षेमेण kṣémeṇa |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमैः / क्षेमेभिः¹ kṣémaiḥ / kṣémebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | क्षेमाय kṣémāya |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षेमात् kṣémāt |
क्षेमाभ्याम् kṣémābhyām |
क्षेमेभ्यः kṣémebhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षेमस्य kṣémasya |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमाणाम् kṣémāṇām |
Locative | क्षेमे kṣéme |
क्षेमयोः kṣémayoḥ |
क्षेमेषु kṣémeṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- योगक्षेम (yogakṣema)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀫 (khema)
- Pali: khema
- → Hindi: क्षेम (kṣem) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇಮ (kṣēma)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “क्षेम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 332/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 437
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tḱey-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi terms with rare senses
- Hindi formal terms
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tḱey-
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit nouns with multiple genders
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns