कष्ट
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कष्ट (kaṣṭa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कष्ट • (kaṣṭ) m (Urdu spelling کشٹ)
- trouble
- मैं आपको कष्ट नहीं देना चाहता था।
- ma͠i āpko kaṣṭ nahī̃ denā cāhtā thā.
- I did not want to give you any trouble.
- मैं बहुत आर्थिक कष्ट में हूँ।
- ma͠i bahut ārthik kaṣṭ mẽ hū̃.
- I am in great financial trouble.
- suffering, agony
- Synonym: दुःख (duḥkh)
- स्वर्ग में तुम्हारे पाप के लिए कष्ट उठाना पड़ेगा।
- svarg mẽ tumhāre pāp ke lie kaṣṭ uṭhānā paṛegā.
- You will have to suffer for your sin in Heaven.
Declension
[edit]Declension of कष्ट (masc cons-stem)
Synonyms
[edit]- तकलीफ़ (taklīf)
Further reading
[edit]- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कष्ट”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “कष्ट”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कष्ट (kaṣṭa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) n
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कष्ट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- কষ্ট (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬱ᭄ᬝ (Balinese script)
- কষ্ট (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰬𑰿𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀱𑁆𑀝 (Brahmi script)
- ကၑ္ဋ (Burmese script)
- કષ્ટ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਸ਼੍ਟ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌷𑍍𑌟 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦰ꧀ꦛ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂭𑂹𑂗 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಷ್ಟ (Kannada script)
- កឞ្ដ (Khmer script)
- ກຩ຺ຏ (Lao script)
- കഷ്ട (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᢢᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘬𑘿𑘘 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢔᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧌𑧠𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐲𑑂𑐚 (Newa script)
- କଷ୍ଟ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢰ꣄ꢜ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆰𑇀𑆛 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖬𑖿𑖘 (Siddham script)
- කෂ්ට (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑪀 𑪙𑩦 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
- கஷ்ட (Tamil script)
- కష్ట (Telugu script)
- กษฺฏ (Thai script)
- ཀ་ཥྚ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒭𑓂𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨯𑩇𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kakós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) stem, m
- evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship
- भवतः किं कष्टं अस्ति
- bhavataḥ kiṃ kaṣṭaṃ asti
- Tell me, what is your trouble?
- sin, wickedness
- difficulty, effort
- एतद् कष्टं न
- etad kaṣṭaṃ na
- this is not difficult; there is no difficulty in this
- sorrowful, miserable
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of कष्ट (kaṣṭa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कष्टः kaṣṭaḥ |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टाः / कष्टासः¹ kaṣṭāḥ / kaṣṭāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | कष्ट kaṣṭa |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टाः / कष्टासः¹ kaṣṭāḥ / kaṣṭāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | कष्टम् kaṣṭam |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टान् kaṣṭān |
Instrumental | कष्टेन kaṣṭena |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टैः / कष्टेभिः¹ kaṣṭaiḥ / kaṣṭebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कष्टाय kaṣṭāya |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कष्टात् kaṣṭāt |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कष्टस्य kaṣṭasya |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टानाम् kaṣṭānām |
Locative | कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टेषु kaṣṭeṣu |
Notes |
|
Adjective
[edit]कष्ट • (kaṣṭá)
- bad, evil, ill, wrong
- रामहस्तमनुप्राप्य कष्टात् कष्टतरं गता
- rāmahastamanuprāpya kaṣṭāt kaṣṭataraṃ gatā
- gone from bad to worse; reduced to a wretched condition.
- painful, grievous
- difficult
- hard to subdue (as an enemy)
- mischievous, hurtful, injurious
- boding evil
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of कष्ट (kaṣṭa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कष्टः kaṣṭaḥ |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टाः / कष्टासः¹ kaṣṭāḥ / kaṣṭāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | कष्ट kaṣṭa |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टाः / कष्टासः¹ kaṣṭāḥ / kaṣṭāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | कष्टम् kaṣṭam |
कष्टौ / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭau / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टान् kaṣṭān |
Instrumental | कष्टेन kaṣṭena |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टैः / कष्टेभिः¹ kaṣṭaiḥ / kaṣṭebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कष्टाय kaṣṭāya |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कष्टात् kaṣṭāt |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कष्टस्य kaṣṭasya |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टानाम् kaṣṭānām |
Locative | कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टेषु kaṣṭeṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of कष्टा (kaṣṭā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कष्टा kaṣṭā |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टाः kaṣṭāḥ |
Vocative | कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टाः kaṣṭāḥ |
Accusative | कष्टाम् kaṣṭām |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टाः kaṣṭāḥ |
Instrumental | कष्टया / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭayā / kaṣṭā¹ |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टाभिः kaṣṭābhiḥ |
Dative | कष्टायै kaṣṭāyai |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टाभ्यः kaṣṭābhyaḥ |
Ablative | कष्टायाः / कष्टायै² kaṣṭāyāḥ / kaṣṭāyai² |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टाभ्यः kaṣṭābhyaḥ |
Genitive | कष्टायाः / कष्टायै² kaṣṭāyāḥ / kaṣṭāyai² |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टानाम् kaṣṭānām |
Locative | कष्टायाम् kaṣṭāyām |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टासु kaṣṭāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of कष्ट (kaṣṭa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कष्टम् kaṣṭam |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टानि / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭāni / kaṣṭā¹ |
Vocative | कष्ट kaṣṭa |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टानि / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭāni / kaṣṭā¹ |
Accusative | कष्टम् kaṣṭam |
कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टानि / कष्टा¹ kaṣṭāni / kaṣṭā¹ |
Instrumental | कष्टेन kaṣṭena |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टैः / कष्टेभिः¹ kaṣṭaiḥ / kaṣṭebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कष्टाय kaṣṭāya |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कष्टात् kaṣṭāt |
कष्टाभ्याम् kaṣṭābhyām |
कष्टेभ्यः kaṣṭebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कष्टस्य kaṣṭasya |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टानाम् kaṣṭānām |
Locative | कष्टे kaṣṭe |
कष्टयोः kaṣṭayoḥ |
कष्टेषु kaṣṭeṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Prakrit:
- → Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo) (learned)
- → Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಕಷ್ಟ (kaṣṭa) (learned)
- → Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ) (learned)
- → Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam) (learned)
- → Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu) (learned)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “कष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 265/3, 266/1.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कष्ट”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कष्ट”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 78-9
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷels-
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with usage examples
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives