इच्छति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ইচ্ছতি (Assamese script)
• ᬇᬘ᭄ᬙᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• ইচ্ছতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰂𑰓𑰿𑰔𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဣစ္ဆတိ (Burmese script)
• ઇચ્છતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਇਚ੍ਛਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌇𑌚𑍍𑌛𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦆꦕ꧀ꦖꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂅𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಇಚ್ಛತಿ (Kannada script)
• ឥច្ឆតិ (Khmer script)
• ອິຈ຺ຉຕິ (Lao script)
• ഇച്ഛതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡳᢜᡮᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘂𑘓𑘿𑘔𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠢᢋᠼᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦢𑦳𑧠𑦴𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐂𑐔𑑂𑐕𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଇଚ୍ଛତି (Odia script)
• ꢄꢗ꣄ꢘꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆅𑆖𑇀𑆗𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖂𑖓𑖿𑖔𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ඉච‍්ඡති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩑𑩡 𑪙𑩢𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚂𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• இச்ச²தி (Tamil script)
• ఇచ్ఛతి (Telugu script)
• อิจฺฉติ (Thai script)
• ཨི་ཙྪ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒃𑒔𑓂𑒕𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨁𑨣𑩇𑨤𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-

Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hišćáti

Sanskrit इ॒च्छति॑ (iccháti)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hišćáti (“to wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, from *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (isaⁱti), Proto-Slavic *jьskati (whence Russian искать (iskatʹ), Bulgarian и́скам (ískam), Old Church Slavonic искати (iskati)), Lithuanian ieškoti, Old Armenian հայց (haycʻ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /it.t͡ɕʰɐ́.ti/, [it̚.t͡ɕʰɐ́.ti]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /it̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i/, [it̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i]

Verb

इ॒च्छति॑ • (iccháti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, present, root इष्)

1. to desire, wish, long for
2. to search, seek
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.1:

     किम्इच्छन्ती॑ स॒रमा॒ प्रेदमा॑नड्दू॒रे ह्यध्वा॒ जगु॑रिः परा॒चैः ।
     कास्मेहि॑तिः॒ का परि॑तक्म्यासीत्क॒थं र॒साया॑ अतरः॒ पयां॑सि ॥

     kímícchántī sarámā prédámānaḍdūré hyádhvā jáguriḥ parācaíḥ.
     kā́sméhitiḥ kā́ páritakmyāsītkatháṃ rasā́yā ataraḥ páyāṃsi.

     Seeking what has Saramā arrived here, for far is the road, swallowing up the traveler in the distance?
     What is your mission to us? What was the final turn bringing you here? How did you cross the waters of the Rasā?.

Conjugation

Present: इच्छति (iccháti), इच्छते (iccháte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	इच्छति iccháti	इच्छतः icchátaḥ	इच्छन्ति icchánti	इच्छते iccháte	इच्छेते icchéte	इच्छन्ते icchánte
Second	इच्छसि icchási	इच्छथः iccháthaḥ	इच्छथ icchátha	इच्छसे iccháse	इच्छेथे icchéthe	इच्छध्वे icchádhve
First	इच्छामि icchā́mi	इच्छावः icchā́vaḥ	इच्छामः / इच्छामसि¹ icchā́maḥ / icchā́masi¹	इच्छे icché	इच्छावहे icchā́vahe	इच्छामहे icchā́mahe
Imperative
Third	इच्छतु icchátu	इच्छताम् icchátām	इच्छन्तु icchántu	इच्छताम् icchátām	इच्छेताम् icchétām	इच्छन्ताम् icchántām
Second	इच्छ icchá	इच्छतम् icchátam	इच्छत iccháta	इच्छस्व icchásva	इच्छेथाम् icchéthām	इच्छध्वम् icchádhvam
First	इच्छानि icchā́ni	इच्छाव icchā́va	इच्छाम icchā́ma	इच्छै icchaí	इच्छावहै icchā́vahai	इच्छामहै icchā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	इच्छेत् icchét	इच्छेताम् icchétām	इच्छेयुः icchéyuḥ	इच्छेत icchéta	इच्छेयाताम् icchéyātām	इच्छेरन् icchéran
Second	इच्छेः icchéḥ	इच्छेतम् icchétam	इच्छेत icchéta	इच्छेथाः icchéthāḥ	इच्छेयाथाम् icchéyāthām	इच्छेध्वम् icchédhvam
First	इच्छेयम् icchéyam	इच्छेव icchéva	इच्छेम icchéma	इच्छेय icchéya	इच्छेवहि icchévahi	इच्छेमहि icchémahi
Subjunctive
Third	इच्छात् / इच्छाति icchā́t / icchā́ti	इच्छातः icchā́taḥ	इच्छान् icchā́n	इच्छाते / इच्छातै icchā́te / icchā́tai	इच्छैते icchaíte	इच्छन्त / इच्छान्तै icchánta / icchā́ntai
Second	इच्छाः / इच्छासि icchā́ḥ / icchā́si	इच्छाथः icchā́thaḥ	इच्छाथ icchā́tha	इच्छासे / इच्छासै icchā́se / icchā́sai	इच्छैथे icchaíthe	इच्छाध्वै icchā́dhvai
First	इच्छानि icchā́ni	इच्छाव icchā́va	इच्छाम icchā́ma	इच्छै icchaí	इच्छावहै icchā́vahai	इच्छामहै icchā́mahai
Participles
	इच्छत् icchát			इच्छमान icchámāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: ऐच्छत् (aícchat), ऐच्छत (aícchata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ऐच्छत् aícchat	ऐच्छताम् aícchatām	ऐच्छन् aícchan	ऐच्छत aícchata	ऐच्छेताम् aícchetām	ऐच्छन्त aícchanta
Second	ऐच्छः aícchaḥ	ऐच्छतम् aícchatam	ऐच्छत aícchata	ऐच्छथाः aícchathāḥ	ऐच्छेथाम् aícchethām	ऐच्छध्वम् aícchadhvam
First	ऐच्छम् aíccham	ऐच्छाव aícchāva	ऐच्छाम aícchāma	ऐच्छे aícche	ऐच्छावहि aícchāvahi	ऐच्छामहि aícchāmahi

Descendants

• Pali: icchati
• Prakrit: 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (icchaï, “wants”) (collides with descendant of ईप्सति (īpsati, “desires to obtain”) in the sense "desires to obtain", from the root आप् (āp, “to obtain”))
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Hindi: ईछना (īchanā)
      • Hindi: ईछना (īchnā)
      • → Hindi: इच्छना (icchanā) (semi-learned)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati: ईछइ (īchai)
      • Gujarati: ઇછવું (ichavũ)
      • → Gujarati: ઇચ્છવું (icchavũ) (semi-learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “इच्छति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “iccháti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press