अर्घ

Sanskrit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Cognate with Ossetian аргъ (arǧ), Sogdian [script needed] ('rγ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬘𐬀𐬵 (ar^əjah, “value, price”), Persian (arzeš, “value”), (arz, “currency”), Ancient Greek ἀλφή (alphḗ, “gain”), Lithuanian alga (“wages”).^[1] Compare also Hungarian ár (“price”), an early Indo-Iranian borrowing.^[2]

The Sanskrit root is अर्ह् (arh).^[3]

अर्घ • (arghá) stem, m

Masculine a-stem declension of अर्घ (arghá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अर्घः argháḥ	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ arghaú / arghā́¹	अर्घाः / अर्घासः¹ arghā́ḥ / arghā́saḥ¹
Vocative	अर्घ árgha	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ árghau / árghā¹	अर्घाः / अर्घासः¹ árghāḥ / árghāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अर्घम् arghám	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ arghaú / arghā́¹	अर्घान् arghā́n
Instrumental	अर्घेण arghéṇa	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घैः / अर्घेभिः¹ arghaíḥ / arghébhiḥ¹
Dative	अर्घाय arghā́ya	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घेभ्यः arghébhyaḥ
Ablative	अर्घात् arghā́t	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घेभ्यः arghébhyaḥ
Genitive	अर्घस्य arghásya	अर्घयोः argháyoḥ	अर्घाणाम् arghā́ṇām
Locative	अर्घे arghé	अर्घयोः argháyoḥ	अर्घेषु arghéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

^ Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Mouton de Gruyter, page 41
^ Entry #26 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^ Monier Williams (1899) “अर्घ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 89.

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “argha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 28