ܡܟܣܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܡ ܟ ܣ (m k s)
1 term

From Akkadian 𒃻𒋻 (NIG₂.KUD /⁠miksu⁠/, “tax”); compare Arabic مَكْس (maks) and Hebrew מֶכֶס (mékhes).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [maxsɑː]

Noun

ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ • (maḵsā) m sg (plural ܡܲܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ (maḵsē))

tax (specifically excise tax or sales tax)
impost, tribute, toll
customs
auction

Inflection

Inflection of **ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	–	1^st person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܝܼ (maḵsī)		ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܢ (maḵsan)
	construct	ܡܟ݂ܸܣ (mḵis)	2^nd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼܟ݂ (maḵsūḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܟ݂ܝ (maḵsāḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (maḵsāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ (maḵsā)	3^rd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܹܗ (maḵsēh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܗ̇ (maḵsāh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܗܘܿܢ (maḵshōn)
plural	absolute	–	1^st person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܝܼ̈ (maḵsī)		ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܢ̈ (maḵsan)
	construct	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܝ̈ (maḵsay)	2^nd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (maḵsūḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (maḵsāḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (maḵsāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ (maḵsē)	3^rd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼ̈ܗܝ (maḵsūh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (maḵsōh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܗ̈ܘܿܢ (maḵshōn)

Synonyms

(tax): ܡܲܕܲܐܬܵܐ (maddaˀtā)

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒂗𒆬 (EN.KU₃] /⁠mākisu⁠/). Compare Arabic مَاكِس (mākis) and Hebrew מוֹכֵס (môḵēs).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [mɑxːsɑː]

Noun

ܡܵܟ݂ܣܵܐ • (māḵsā) m sg (plural ܡܵܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ (māḵsē), feminine ܡܵܟ݂ܸܣܬܵܐ (māḵistā))

custom house officer, tax collector, publican

Inflection

Inflection of **ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	–	1^st person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܝܼ (maḵsī)		ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܢ (maḵsan)
	construct	ܡܟ݂ܸܣ (mḵis)	2^nd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼܟ݂ (maḵsūḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܟ݂ܝ (maḵsāḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (maḵsāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ (maḵsā)	3^rd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܹܗ (maḵsēh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܗ̇ (maḵsāh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܗܘܿܢ (maḵshōn)
plural	absolute	–	1^st person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܝܼ̈ (maḵsī)		ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܢ̈ (maḵsan)
	construct	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܲܝ̈ (maḵsay)	2^nd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (maḵsūḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (maḵsāḵ)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (maḵsāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ (maḵsē)	3^rd person	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܘܼ̈ܗܝ (maḵsūh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (maḵsōh)	ܡܲܟ݂ܣܗ̈ܘܿܢ (maḵshōn)

Derived terms

ܒܹܝܬ ܡܵܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ (bēt māḵsē)
ܡܵܟ݂ܣܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (māḵsūṯā)

Etymology 3

Root
ܟ ܣ ܐ (k s ˀ)
5 terms

Causitive of ܟܵܣܹܐ (kāsē, “to cover”); compare Hebrew כִּסָּה (kisá).

Alternative forms

ܡܲܟܸܣ (makkis)

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [makseː]

Verb

ܡܲܟܣܹܐ • (maksē)

(transitive) to cover, conceal [with ܠ- (l-) ‘to’]
ܬܲܠܓܵܐ ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܠܛܘܼܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ. ― talgā muksē lēh l-ṭūrānē. ― The snow covered the mountains.
to cover (an event, an occasion, a happening, etc.), to describe, to report [with ܥܲܠ (ˁal) ‘upon’]
ܓܸܠܝܘܿܢܵܝܵܐ ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܟܠܵܗ̇ ܩܲܘܲܘܡܬܵܐ ܫܘܼܝܵܫܵܝܬ݂ܵܐ. ― gilyōnāyā muksē lēh ˁal kullāh qawwawmtā šūyāšāyṯā. ― The journalist covered the entire political event.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ܡܲܟܣܹܐ*
		singular			plural
present participle	ܡܲܟܣܘܿܝܹܐ (maksōyē)
verbal noun	-

past participle	m	ܡܘܼܟܣܝܵܐ (muksyā)			ܡܘܼܟܣܝܹ̈ܐ (muksyē)
past participle	f	ܡܘܼܟܣܲܝܬܵܐ (muksaytā)			ܡܘܼܟܣܝܹ̈ܐ (muksyē)
agent noun	m	ܡܲܟܣܝܵܢܵܐ (maksyānā)			ܡܲܟܣܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (maksyānē)
agent noun	f	ܡܲܟܣܝܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (maksyānīṯā)			ܡܲܟܣܝܵܢ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (maksyānyāṯā)
instance noun		ܡܲܟܣܲܝܬܵܐ (maksaytā)			ܡܲܟ̈ܣܲܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (maksayyāṯā)

		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܝܼ (muksē lī)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (muksē lūḵ)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܹܗ (muksē lēh)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܲܢ (muksē lan)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (muksē lāwḵōn)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (muksē lhōn)
past	f	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܝܼ (muksē lī)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (muksē lāḵ)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (muksē lāh)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܲܢ (muksē lan)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (muksē lāwḵōn)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (muksē lhōn)
non-past	m	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܢ (maksēn)	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܬ (maksēt)	ܡܲܟܣܹܐ (maksē)	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܚ (maksēḥ)	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (maksētōn)	ܡܲܟܣܝܼ (maksī)
non-past	f	ܡܲܟܣܝܵܢ (maksyān)	ܡܲܟܣܝܵܬܝ (maksyāt)	ܡܲܟܣܝܵܐ (maksyā)	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܚ (maksēḥ)	ܡܲܟܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (maksētōn)	ܡܲܟܣܝܼ (maksī)
imperative	m		ܐܲܟܣܝܼ (aksī)			ܐܲܟܣܲܘ (aksaw)
imperative	f		ܐܲܟܣܲܝ (aksay)			ܐܲܟܣܲܘ (aksaw)
passive past	m	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܢ (muksēn)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܬ (muksēt)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܐ (muksē)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܚ (muksēḥ)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (muksētōn)	ܡܘܼܟܣܲܝ (muksay)
passive past	f	ܡܘܼܟܣܝܲܢ (muksyan)	ܡܘܼܟܣܝܲܬܝ (muksyat)	ܡܘܼܟܣܝܵܐ (muksyā)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܚ (muksēḥ)	ܡܘܼܟܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (muksētōn)	ܡܘܼܟܣܲܝ (muksay)

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Etymology 4

Root
ܟ ܣ ܐ (k s ˀ)
5 terms

Causitive of ܟܵܣܹܐ (kāsē, “to cover”); compare Hebrew כִּסָּה (kisá).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [mkasseː]
(Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [mkaːseː]

Verb

ܡܟܲܣܹܐ • (mkassē)

(transitive) to cover, conceal

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ܡܟܲܣܹܐ*
		singular			plural
present participle	ܡܟܲܣܘܿܝܹܐ (mkasōyē)
verbal noun	ܟܘܼܣܵܝܵܐ (kussāyā)

past participle	m	ܡܟܘܼܣܝܵܐ (mkusyā)			ܡܟܘܼܣܝܹ̈ܐ (mkusyē)
past participle	f	ܡܟܘܼܣܲܝܬܵܐ (mkūsaytā)			ܡܟܘܼܣܝܹ̈ܐ (mkusyē)
agent noun	m	ܡܟܲܣܝܵܢܵܐ (mkasyānā)			ܡܟܲܣܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (mkasyānē)
agent noun	f	ܡܟܲܣܝܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (mkasyānīṯā)			ܡܟܲܣܝܵܢ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (mkasyānyāṯā)
instance noun		ܟܲܣܲܝܬܵܐ (kassaytā)			ܟܲܣܲܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (kassayāṯā)

		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܝܼ (mkūsē lī)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (mkūsē lūḵ)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܹܗ (mkūsē lēh)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܲܢ (mkūsē lan)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (mkūsē lāwḵōn)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (mkūsē lhōn)
past	f	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܝܼ (mkūsē lī)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (mkūsē lāḵ)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (mkūsē lāh)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܲܢ (mkūsē lan)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (mkūsē lāwḵōn)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (mkūsē lhōn)
non-past	m	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܢ (mkassēn)	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܬ (mkassēt)	ܡܟܲܣܹܐ (mkassē)	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܚ (mkassēḥ)	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mkassētōn)	ܡܟܲܣܝܼ (mkasī)
non-past	f	ܡܟܲܣܝܵܢ (mkasyān)	ܡܟܲܣܝܵܬܝ (mkasyāt)	ܡܟܲܣܝܵܐ (mkasyā)	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܚ (mkassēḥ)	ܡܟܲܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mkassētōn)	ܡܟܲܣܝܼ (mkasī)
imperative	m		ܟܲܣܝܼ (kasī)			ܟܲܣܲܘ (kassaw)
imperative	f		ܟܲܣܲܝ (kassay)			ܟܲܣܲܘ (kassaw)
passive past	m	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܢ (mkūsēn)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܬ (mkūsēt)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܐ (mkūsē)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܚ (mkūsēḥ)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mkūsētōn)	ܡܟܘܼܣܲܝ (mkūsay)
passive past	f	ܡܟܘܼܣܝܲܢ (mkusyan)	ܡܟܘܼܣܝܲܬܝ (mkusyat)	ܡܟܘܼܣܝܵܐ (mkusyā)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܚ (mkūsēḥ)	ܡܟܘܼܣܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mkūsētōn)	ܡܟܘܼܣܲܝ (mkūsay)

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Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Akkadian 𒃻𒋻 (NIG₂.KUD /⁠miksu⁠/, “tax”). Compare Arabic مَكْس (maks) and Hebrew מֶכֶס (méḵes).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [maxsɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
IPA^(key): [maxse(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܡܟܣܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܡܟܣܐ)

impost, tribute, toll, tax
auction

Inflection

Inflection of **ܡܟܣܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܡܟܣ	1^st person	ܡܟܣܝ		ܡܟܣܢ
	construct	ܡܟܣ	2^nd person	ܡܟܣܟ	ܡܟܣܟܝ	ܡܟܣܟܘܢ	ܡܟܣܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܡܟܣܐ	3^rd person	ܡܟܣܗ	ܡܟܣܗ	ܡܟܣܗܘܢ	ܡܟܣܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܡܟܣܝܢ	1^st person	ܡܟܣܝ		ܡܟܣܝܢ
	construct	ܡܟܣܝ	2^nd person	ܡܟܣܝܟ	ܡܟܣܝܟܝ	ܡܟܣܝܟܘܢ	ܡܟܣܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܡܟܣܐ	3^rd person	ܡܟܣܘܗܝ	ܡܟܣܝܗ	ܡܟܣܝܗܘܢ	ܡܟܣܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

→ Old Armenian: մաքս (makʻs)
→ Arabic: مكس

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒂗𒆬 (EN.KU₃] /⁠mākisu⁠/). Compare Arabic مَاكِس (mākis) and Hebrew מוֹכֵס (môḵēs).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɑxsɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
IPA^(key): [mɑxse(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܡܟܣܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܡܟܣܐ)

custom house officer, tax collector, publican

Inflection

Inflection of **ܡܟܣܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܡܟܣ	1^st person	ܡܟܣܝ		ܡܟܣܢ
	construct	ܡܟܣ	2^nd person	ܡܟܣܟ	ܡܟܣܟܝ	ܡܟܣܟܘܢ	ܡܟܣܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܡܟܣܐ	3^rd person	ܡܟܣܗ	ܡܟܣܗ	ܡܟܣܗܘܢ	ܡܟܣܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܡܟܣܝܢ	1^st person	ܡܟܣܝ		ܡܟܣܝܢ
	construct	ܡܟܣܝ	2^nd person	ܡܟܣܝܟ	ܡܟܣܝܟܝ	ܡܟܣܝܟܘܢ	ܡܟܣܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܡܟܣܐ	3^rd person	ܡܟܣܘܗܝ	ܡܟܣܝܗ	ܡܟܣܝܗܘܢ	ܡܟܣܝܗܝܢ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Further reading