ܝܡܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܐ ܡ ܗ (ˀ m h)
1 term

Variant of ܐܸܡܵܐ (immā), from Aramaic אִמָּא (ʾimmā) with a shift from an initial /ʔ/ to /j/, from Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-; compare Turoyo ܐܶܡܐ (emo), Arabic أُمّ (ʔumm), Hebrew אֵם (em) and אִמָּא (ímma).

The second sense is from Akkadian ummat erî (“lower milestone, grindstone”). The first element, ummat, is the construct form of ummatu (“main part”) while the second element erî is the genitive form of erû (“lower stone of hand-mill”). Based on folk etymology or a reinterpretation of the Akkadian term, the word was reinterpreted as “mother” in Aramaic. In some dialects, the fourth sense then evolved from this.

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈjɪm.mɑː], [ˈjɪm.mä]
(Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʔɪmma], [jɪmma]
(Urmia) IPA^(key): [ˈjɪ.mɒ]

Noun

ܝܸܡܵܐ • (yimmā) f (plural ܝܸܡܵܬܹ̈ܐ (yimmātē) or ܝܸܡܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yimmāwāṯā), masculine ܒܵܒܵܐ (bābā) or ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ (aḇā))

mother
lower millstone of a mill; lower grindstone of a hand-mill
(Tergawar) colostrum, first milk
(Tyare) boulder that has rolled or is rolling down a slope
malignant tumor

Usage notes

(mother): This is only used for genetic and adoptive mothers, not stepmothers. A stepmother is instead referred to as ܒܲܟ݂ܬ ܒܵܒܵܐ (baḵt bābā, literally “the wife of a father”).

Inflection

Inflection of **ܝܸܡܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	–	1^st person	ܝܸܡܝܼ (yimī)		ܝܸܡܲܢ (yimman)
	construct	ܝܸܡ (yim)	2^nd person	ܝܸܡܘܼܟ݂ (yimūḵ)	ܝܸܡܵܟ݂ܝ (yimmāḵ)	ܝܸܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yimmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܸܡܵܐ (yimmā)	3^rd person	ܝܸܡܹܗ (yimmēh)	ܝܸܡܵܗ̇ (yimmāh)	ܝܸܡܗܘܿܢ (yimhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1^st person	ܝܸܡܵܬܝܼ̈ (yimmātī)		ܝܸܡܵܬܲܢ̈ (yimmātan)
	construct	ܝܸܡܵܬ̈ (yimmāt)	2^nd person	ܝܸܡܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (yimmātūḵ)	ܝܸܡܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ (yimmātāḵ)	ܝܸܡܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yimmātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܸܡܵܬܹ̈ܐ (yimmātē)	3^rd person	ܝܸܡܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (yimmātūh)	ܝܸܡܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (yimmātōh)	ܝܸܡܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (yimmāthōn)

Derived terms

ܝܸܡ ܩܪܵܝܬܵܐ (yim qrāytā, “mater lectionis”)
ܝܸܡܵܝܵܐ (yimmāyā, “motherly, maternal”)
ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܝܸܡܵܝܵܐ (liššānā yimmāyā, “mother tongue”)
ܝܸܡܘܼܬܵܐ (yimūtā, “motherhood, maternity”)

Related terms

ܐܲܡܘܼܡܵܐ (amūmā, “mold, matrix”)
ܐܘܼܡܬܵܐ (umtā, “nation”)
ܐܸܡܗܵܬܹ̈ܐ (imhātē, “female ancestors”)

Etymology 2

Root
ܝ ܡ ܡ (y m m)
2 terms

A Northwest Semitic innovation from Aramaic יַמָּא (yammāʾ), from Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”); compare Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Hebrew יָם (yam), and also borrowed into Arabic يَمّ (yamm).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈjɑːmɑː], [ˈjä.mä]
(Urmia) IPA^(key): [ˈjɒ.mɒ]

Noun

ܝܵܡܵܐ • (yāmā) m (plural ܝܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ (yammē) or ܝ̈ܲܡܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yammāwāṯā))

sea (large body of salt water)
Antonym: ܝܲܒ݂ܫܵܐ (yaḇšā, “dry land”)
beach (pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the sea between high- and low-water marks)

Usage notes

This term is grammatically masculine, either gender in the Alqosh/Nineveh Plains dialect(s), and may be feminine in others.

Inflection

Inflection of **ܝܵܡܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	–	1^st person	ܝܵܡܝܼ (yāmī)		ܝܵܡܲܢ (yāman)
	construct	ܝܲܡ (yam)	2^nd person	ܝܵܡܘܼܟ݂ (yāmūḵ)	ܝܵܡܵܟ݂ܝ (yāmāḵ)	ܝܵܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yāmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܵܡܵܐ (yāmā)	3^rd person	ܝܵܡܹܗ (yāmēh)	ܝܵܡܵܗ̇ (yāmāh)	ܝܵܡܗܘܿܢ (yāmhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1^st person	ܝܲܡܡܝܼ̈ (yammī)		ܝܲܡܡܲܢ̈ (yamman)
	construct	ܝܲܡܡܲܝ̈ (yammay)	2^nd person	ܝܲܡܡܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (yammūḵ)	ܝܲܡܡܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (yammāḵ)	ܝܲܡܡܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yammāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܝܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ (yammē)	3^rd person	ܝܲܡܡܘܼ̈ܗܝ (yammūh)	ܝܲܡܡ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (yammōh)	ܝܲܡܡܗ̈ܘܿܢ (yammhōn)

Hyponyms

ܝܵܡܵܐ ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܵܐ (yāmā kōmā, “the Black Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܒܲܠܛܝܼܩܵܝܵܐ (yāmā balṭīqāyā, “the Baltic Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܒܪ̈ܵܝܹܐ (yāmā d-ībrāyē, “the Caspian Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܝܲܦܵܢ (yāmā dyappān, “the Sea of Japan”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܟܵܪ̈ܝܼܒܵܝܹܐ (yāmā dkārībāyē, “the Caribbean Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܡܸܠܚܵܐ (yāmā d-milḥā, “the Dead Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܕܣܘܿܦ (yāmā d-sop, “the Red Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܚܘܵܪܵܐ ܡܸܨܥܵܝܵܐ (yāmā ḥwārā miṣˁāyā, “the Mediterranean Sea”)
ܝܵܡܵܐ ܫܲܥܘܼܬܵܐ (yāmā šaˁūtā, “the Yellow Sea”)

Derived terms

ܓܲܢܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (gannāḇā d-yāmā, “pirate”)
ܚܝܵܪܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (ḥyārā d-yāmā, “sea cucumber”)
ܝܲܡܡܵܝܵܐ (yammāyā, “marine”)
ܝܲܡܬܘܿܢܝܼܬܵܐ (yamtōnītā, “lakelet”)
ܝܲܡܬܵܐ (yamtā, “lake”)
ܟܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kalḇā d-yāmā, “seal, otter, beaver”)
ܟܲܠܬܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kaltā d-yāmā, “mermaid”)
ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (kāwḵḇā d-yāmā, “starfish”)
ܠܒܲܕܲܪ ܡ̣ܢ ܝܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ (l-baddar min yammē, “overseas, abroad”)
ܣܘܼܣܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (sūsā d-yāmā, “seahorse”)
ܣܲܪܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (sarṭānā d-yāmā, “lobster”)
ܥܸܙܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (ˁizzā d-yāmā, “swordfish”)
ܩܘܼܦܕܵܐ ܕܝܵܡܵܐ (qupdā d-yāmā, “sea urchin”)

Etymology 3

Root
ܝ ܡ ܐ (y m ˀ)
1 term

From Aramaic יֲמָא (yămā).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈjɑːmeː]

Verb

ܝܵܡܹܐ • (yāmē)

to swear, vow
ܠܵܐ ܝܵܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ ܒܕܘܼܓܠܵܐ. ― lā yāmētōn b-duglā. ― You must not swear by a lie.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ܝܵܡܹܐ*
		singular			plural
present participle	ܝܡܵܝܵܐ (māyā)
verbal noun	ܝܡܵܝܵܐ (māyā)

past participle	m	ܝܸܡܝܵܐ (yimyā)			ܝܸܡܝܹ̈ܐ (yimyē)
past participle	f	ܝܡܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (mīṯā)			ܝܸܡܝܹ̈ܐ (yimyē)
agent noun	m	ܝܵܡܘܿܝܵܐ (yāmōyā)			ܝܵܡܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (yāmōyē)
agent noun	f	ܝܵܡܘܿܝܬܵܐ (yāmōytā)			ܝܵܡܘܿܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yāmōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܝܡܵܝܬܵܐ (māytā)			ܝ̈ܡܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (māyāṯā)

		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܝܼ (mē lī)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (mē lūḵ)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܹܗ (mē lēh)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܲܢ (mē lan)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (mē lāwḵōn)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (mē lhōn)
past	f	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܝܼ (mē lī)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (mē lāḵ)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (mē lāh)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܲܢ (mē lan)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (mē lāwḵōn)	ܝܡܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (mē lhōn)
non-past	m	ܝܵܡܹܝܢ (yāmēn)	ܝܵܡܹܝܬ (yāmēt)	ܝܵܡܹܐ (yāmē)	ܝܵܡܹܝܚ (yāmēḥ)	ܝܵܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ (yāmētōn)	ܝܵܡܝܼ (yāmī)
non-past	f	ܝܵܡܝܵܢ (yāmyān)	ܝܵܡܝܵܬܝ (yāmyāt)	ܝܵܡܝܵܐ (yāmyā)	ܝܵܡܹܝܚ (yāmēḥ)	ܝܵܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ (yāmētōn)	ܝܵܡܝܼ (yāmī)
imperative	m		ܝܡܝܼ (mī)			ܝܡܲܘ (maw)
imperative	f		ܝܡܲܝ (may)			ܝܡܲܘ (maw)
passive past	m	ܝܡܹܝܢ (mēn)	ܝܡܹܝܬ (mēt)	ܝܡܹܐ (mē)	ܝܡܹܝܚ (mēḥ)	ܝܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mētōn)	ܝܡܲܝ (may)
passive past	f	ܝܸܡܝܲܢ (yimyan)	ܝܸܡܝܲܬܝ (yimyat)	ܝܸܡܝܵܐ (yimyā)	ܝܡܹܝܚ (mēḥ)	ܝܡܹܝܬܘܿܢ (mētōn)	ܝܡܲܝ (may)

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-weak-3i|ܝ|ܡ}}

References

“ܝܸܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 November 27 (last accessed)
“ܝܲܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 November 27 (last accessed)
Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܝܸܡܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 120b
Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܝܵܡܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 120b
Hezi Mutzafi (2018 May 15) “Akkadian substrate words and meanings surfacing in Neo-Aramaic”, in Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics

Classical Syriac

Etymology

A Northwest Semitic innovation. From Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”). Compare Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Hebrew יָם (yām) and Arabic يَمّ (yamm). The word as it appears in Arabic is a borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈjam.mɑ]
(Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈjam.mɑ]
(Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈjɑ.mo]

Noun

ܝܡܐ • (yammā) m (plural ܝܡܡܐ (yam[mə]mē))

sea, large lake
pond, swamp, marsh

Inflection

Inflection of **ܝܡܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܝܡ	1^st person	ܝܡܝ		ܝܡܢ
	construct	ܝܡ	2^nd person	ܝܡܟ	ܝܡܟܝ	ܝܡܟܘܢ	ܝܡܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܝܡܐ	3^rd person	ܝܡܗ	ܝܡܗ	ܝܡܗܘܢ	ܝܡܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܝܡܡܝܢ	1^st person	ܝܡܡܝ		ܝܡܡܝܢ
	construct	ܝܡܡܝ	2^nd person	ܝܡܡܝܟ	ܝܡܡܝܟܝ	ܝܡܡܝܟܘܢ	ܝܡܡܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܝܡܡܐ	3^rd person	ܝܡܡܘܗܝ	ܝܡܡܝܗ	ܝܡܡܝܗܘܢ	ܝܡܡܝܗܝܢ

Synonyms

(sea): ܒܚܪܐ (baḥrā)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “sea”): ܝܒܫܐ (yaḇšā, “dry land”)

Derived terms

ܝܕ ܝܡܐ (yaḏ yammā, “coast”)
ܝܡܡ (yammem, “to make into a sea”)
ܝܡܡܝܐ (yam[mə]māyā, “marine”)
ܝܡܬܐ (yamməṯā, “lake”)
- ܝܡܬܘܢܝܬܐ (yamməṯōnīṯā, “lakelet”)

References

“ym”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-10-02
Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 141b
Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 193a
Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 575b
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 191

Anagrams

ܡܝܐ

Turoyo

Etymology

From Aramaic ימא

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jɑmo/ (singular)
IPA^(key): /jɑme/ (plural)

Noun

ܝܰܡܳܐ • (yamo) m (plural ܝܰܡܶܐ (yame))

sea
Synonym: ܒܰܚܪܳܐ (baḥro)