ܚܝܠܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܚ ܘ ܠ (ḥ w l)
1 term

Inherited from Aramaic חַילָא (ḥaylā); compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (kháyil) with the sense of “miracle” a semantic loan from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaj.lɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xeːla], [ħeːla]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [xeːlɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܝܠܵܐ • (ḥaylā) m sg (plural ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯē))

1. strength, vigor, might, force, power

   Synonyms: ܬܘܼܦܩܵܐ (tupqā), ܥܘܼܙܵܐ (ˁūzā), ܥܘܼܫܢܵܐ (ˁušnā), ܚܘܼܣܢܵܐ (ḥusnā)

2. multitude, abundance, wealth, resource, possession
3. potentiality, possibility, capacity
4. miracle, wonder
5. (military, in the plural) army, force, host

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (ḥaylā)
number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܝܠܝܼ (ḥaylī)		ܚܲܝܠܲܢ (ḥaylan)
	construct	ܚܹܝܠ (ḥēl)	2nd person	ܚܲܝܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaylūḵ)	ܚܲܝܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaylāḵ)	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (ḥaylā)	3rd person	ܚܲܝܠܹܗ (ḥaylēh)	ܚܲܝܠܵܗ̇ (ḥaylāh)	ܚܲܝܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥaylhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯī)		ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯan)
	construct	ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ (ḥaylāwāṯ)	2nd person	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥaylāwāṯūḵ)	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯāḵ)	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯē)	3rd person	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥaylāwāṯūh)	ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥaylāwāṯōh)	ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwāṯhōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ (bḥaylā)
• ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (bḥaylā d-allāhā)
• ܟܵܐܹܠ ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (kāˀēl ḥaylā)
• ܪܲܒ݂ ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (raḇ ḥaylā)
• ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ ܡܙܲܝ̈ܢܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯē mzaynē, “armed forces”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (ḥayil). The sense of "miracle" is a calque of Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħajlɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħajle(ʔ)], [ħajlawwɑθɑ(ʔ)], [ħajlɑjawwɑθɑ(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܐ)

1. strength, vigor/vigour, might
2. force, power
3. (military) army, host
4. multitude, abundance, wealth
5. meaning, sense, import
6. resource, possession
7. courage, virtue
8. sacred service
9. (usually feminine) miracle, wonder
10. potentiality, possibility, capacity

Inflection

    declension of ܚܝܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܝ
emphatic	ܚܝܠܐ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܐ ,ܚܝܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܝܠܝ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܝܠܢ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)jɑlɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)jɑle(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)

1. cry for help
2. (by extension) help

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܝܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝ
emphatic	ܚܝܠܐ	ܚܝܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܝܠܝ	ܚܝܠܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟ	ܚܝܠܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝ	ܚܝܠܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܝܠܢ	ܚܝܠܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Possibly from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑjɑlɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɑjɑle(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)

1. kind of plant

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܝܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct	ܚܝܠ	ܚܝܠܝ
emphatic	ܚܝܠܐ	ܚܝܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܝܠܝ	ܚܝܠܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟ	ܚܝܠܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝ	ܚܝܠܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܝܠܗ	ܚܝܠܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܝܠܢ	ܚܝܠܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܝܠܟܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܘܢ	ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܝܠܗܝܢ	ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥyl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 103b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 140a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 447b-448a