ܚܒܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܒ ܪ (ḥ b r)
5 terms

From Aramaic חַבְרָא (ḥaḇrā); related to Hebrew חָבֵר (khavér).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaw.rɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xoːrˤɑː]
• (Tyari) IPA^(key): [xaw.rɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [xavːrɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ • (ḥaḇrā) m (plural ܚܲܒ݂ܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥaḇrē) or ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaḇrawwāṯā) or ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥaḇrānē), feminine ܚܒ݂ܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥḇarṯā))

1. friend

   ܡܒܘܼܫܸܠ ܠܝܼ ܐ݇ܟ݂ܵܠ݇ܪܲܡܫܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ ܐܸܕܠܹܝܠ. ― mbūšil lī ḵāramšā qā ḥaḇrawwāṯī idlēl. ― I cooked dinner for my friends tonight.

2. boyfriend (male partner in an unmarried romantic relationship)

   ܐܵܢܵܐ ܘܚܲܒ݂ܪܝܼ ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܲܢ ܠܒܹܝܬ݂ ܚܸܙܘܵܢܹ̈ܐ. ― ānā w-ḥaḇrī zīl lan l-bēṯ ḥizwānē. ― My boyfriend and I went to the theatre.

3. fellow, associate, companion, comrade

Usage notes

When used in the possessive by females, the meaning is “boyfriend,” so a loanword or the native ܪܵܚܡܵܐ (rāḥmā) is used instead when communicating “friend.”

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܝܼ (ḥaḇrī)		ܚܲܒ݂ܪܲܢ (ḥaḇran)
	construct	ܚܒ݂ܲܪ (ḥḇar)		2nd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaḇrūḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaḇrāḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (ḥaḇrā)		3rd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܹܗ (ḥaḇrēh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܗ̇ (ḥaḇrāh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ (ḥaḇrawwāṯī)		ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ (ḥaḇrawwāṯan)
	construct	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܲܝ (ḥaḇray)		2nd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaḇrawwāṯūḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaḇrawwāṯāḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrawwāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (ḥaḇrawwāṯē)		3rd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܘܼܗܝ (ḥaḇrawwāṯūh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥaḇrawwāṯōh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrawwāṯhōn)

Synonyms

• (friend): ܪܵܚܡܵܐ (rāḥmā), ܝܲܕܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (yadīḏā), ܕܲܘܣܬ (dawst)

Derived terms

• ܚܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaḇrūṯā, “friendship”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xab.rɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒܪܵܐ • (ḥabrā) m (plural ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥabrānē))

1. (dialectal) word, lyric

   Synonyms: ܡܸܠܬ݂ܵܐ (milṯā), ܬܲܢܲܝܬܵܐ (tannaytā), ܗܹܡܸܙܡܵܢ (hēmizmān)

   ܠܵܐ ܡܗܲܝܡܢܸܬ ܠܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܕܫܡܝܼܥ ܠܘܼܟ݂ ― lā mhaymnit l-ḥabrānē d-šmīˁ lūḵ ― Do not believe the words that you have heard.

   ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܕܗ̇ܝ ܙܡܵܪܬܵܐ ― lā kē yāḏˁēn ḥabrānē d-aya zmārtā ― I do not know the lyrics of this song.

2. (dialectal) report, message

   Synonym: ܛܸܒܵܐ (ṭibbā)

3. experience

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒܪܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒܪܝܼ (ḥabrī)		ܚܲܒܪܲܢ (ḥabran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܪ (ḥabr)		2nd person	ܚܲܒܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabrūḵ)	ܚܲܒܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabrāḵ)	ܚܲܒܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܪܵܐ (ḥabrā)		3rd person	ܚܲܒܪܹܗ (ḥabrēh)	ܚܲܒܪܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabrōh)	ܚܲܒܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥabrhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܝܼ (ḥabrānī)		ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܲܢ (ḥabrānan)
	construct	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܲܝ (ḥabray)		2nd person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabrānūḵ)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabrānāḵ)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabrānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥabrānē)		3rd person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܼܗܝ (ḥabrānūh)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabrānōh)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܗܘܿܢ (ḥabrānhōn)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xab.bɑːrɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħab.bɑːrɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܲܒܵܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥabbārē), feminine ܚܲܒܵܪܬܵܐ (ḥabbārtā))

1. conjurer
2. charmer, enchanter
3. exorcist

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒܵܪܝܼ (ḥabbārī)		ܚܲܒܵܪܲܢ (ḥabbāran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܵܪ (ḥabbār)		2nd person	ܚܲܒܵܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabbārūḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabbārāḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabbārāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ (ḥabbārā)		3rd person	ܚܲܒܵܪܹܗ (ḥabbārēh)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܗ̇ (ḥabbārāh)	ܚܲܒܵܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥabbārhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܝܼ (ḥabbārī)		ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܲܢ (ḥabbāran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܲܝ (ḥabbāray)		2nd person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabbārūḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabbārāḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabbārāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܵܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥabbārē)		3rd person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܼܗܝ (ḥabbārūh)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabbārōh)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥabbārhōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ ܒ ܪ related to companionship. Compare Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥāḇḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħavrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħavre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥaḇrā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥaḇrē), singular feminine counterpart ܚܒܪܬܐ (ḥḇarṯā))

1. friend, companion, mate, comrade
2. neighbor/neighbour, fellow, peer
3. equivalent, equal
4. alternate, other, another

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܒܪ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܒܪܝܢ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܝܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪܝ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܝܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ	ܚܒܪܝܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ ܒ ܪ related to fixing the eyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥabbārē))

1. conjurer
2. charmer, enchanter
3. exorcist

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܒܪ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܒܪܝܢ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܝܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪܝ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܝܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ	ܚܒܪܝܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥabbārē))

1. darkness
2. hole, deep pit, abyss
3. (figuratively) pitfall

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܒܪ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܒܪܝܢ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܝܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪܝ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܝܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ	ܚܒܪܝܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 4

from the root ܚ ܒ ܪ related to darkness.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛvrɑ]

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥeḇrā) m(uncountable)

1. ink

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܒܪ		1st person	ܚܒܪܝ		ܚܒܪܢ
	construct	ܚܒܪ		2nd person	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ		3rd person	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ

Synonyms

• ܕܝܘܬܐ (dyōṯā)

Descendants

• → Arabic: حِبْر (ḥibr)

References

• “ḥbr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁵”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁶”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁷”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 95a, b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 125a, 625a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 410a