مشعل

Arabic

Root
ش ع ل (š ʕ l)
5 terms

Etymology 1

The majority of Arabic dictionaries only list مَشْعَل (mašʕal) and its synonym مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala) with a fatḥa on the mīm, which gives each of these words the appearance of a noun of place instead of a tool noun. Some may have argued for them to be written with a kasra, but it is not common. All the languages which have borrowed these two words have kept the vocalizations مَشْعَل (mašʕal) and مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʃ.ʕal/

Noun

مَشْعَل • (mašʕal) m (plural مَشَاعِل (mašāʕil))

1. torch

   Synonym: مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala)

Declension

Declension of noun مَشْعَل (mašʕal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَشْعَل mašʕal	الْمَشْعَل al-mašʕal	مَشْعَل mašʕal
Nominative	مَشْعَلٌ mašʕalun	الْمَشْعَلُ al-mašʕalu	مَشْعَلُ mašʕalu
Accusative	مَشْعَلًا mašʕalan	الْمَشْعَلَ al-mašʕala	مَشْعَلَ mašʕala
Genitive	مَشْعَلٍ mašʕalin	الْمَشْعَلِ al-mašʕali	مَشْعَلِ mašʕali
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَشْعَلَيْن mašʕalayn	الْمَشْعَلَيْن al-mašʕalayn	مَشْعَلَيْ mašʕalay
Nominative	مَشْعَلَانِ mašʕalāni	الْمَشْعَلَانِ al-mašʕalāni	مَشْعَلَا mašʕalā
Accusative	مَشْعَلَيْنِ mašʕalayni	الْمَشْعَلَيْنِ al-mašʕalayni	مَشْعَلَيْ mašʕalay
Genitive	مَشْعَلَيْنِ mašʕalayni	الْمَشْعَلَيْنِ al-mašʕalayni	مَشْعَلَيْ mašʕalay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَشَاعِل mašāʕil	الْمَشَاعِل al-mašāʕil	مَشَاعِل mašāʕil
Nominative	مَشَاعِلُ mašāʕilu	الْمَشَاعِلُ al-mašāʕilu	مَشَاعِلُ mašāʕilu
Accusative	مَشَاعِلَ mašāʕila	الْمَشَاعِلَ al-mašāʕila	مَشَاعِلَ mašāʕila
Genitive	مَشَاعِلَ mašāʕila	الْمَشَاعِلِ al-mašāʕili	مَشَاعِلِ mašāʕili

Descendants

• → Armenian: մաշալ (mašal)
• → Azerbaijani: məşəl
• → Bengali: মশাল (mośal)
• → Chagatai: مشعل
  • Uyghur: مەشئەل (mesh'el)
  • Uzbek: mashʼal
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: मशाल (maśāl)
  • Urdu: مشعل (maś'al)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مَشْعَل (meş'al)
  • Turkish: meşal
• → Pashto: مَشْعَل (maš'ál)
• → Persian: مشعل (maš'al)
• → Punjabi: مَشْعَل (maśʻal)
• → Sindhi: مَشْعَلُ

Proper noun

مَشْعَل • (mašʕal) m

1. a male given name

Declension

Declension of noun مَشْعَل (mašʕal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	مَشْعَل mašʕal	—
Nominative	—	مَشْعَلٌ mašʕalun	—
Accusative	—	مَشْعَلًا mašʕalan	—
Genitive	—	مَشْعَلٍ mašʕalin	—

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “مشعل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miʃ.ʕal/

Noun

مِشْعَل • (mišʕal) m (obsolete)

1. a certain thing, used by the Arabs of the desert, made of skins sewed together, like the نِطَع (niṭaʕ), having four legs of wood, to which it is bound, so that it becomes like the wateringtrough

Declension

Declension of noun مِشْعَل (mišʕal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِشْعَل mišʕal	الْمِشْعَل al-mišʕal	مِشْعَل mišʕal
Nominative	مِشْعَلٌ mišʕalun	الْمِشْعَلُ al-mišʕalu	مِشْعَلُ mišʕalu
Accusative	مِشْعَلًا mišʕalan	الْمِشْعَلَ al-mišʕala	مِشْعَلَ mišʕala
Genitive	مِشْعَلٍ mišʕalin	الْمِشْعَلِ al-mišʕali	مِشْعَلِ mišʕali

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “مشعل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate

Azerbaijani

Noun

مشعل

1. Arabic spelling of məşəl

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Noun

مَشْعَل • (meş'al) (plural مشاعل)

1. a torch or cresset

Related terms

• مشعله (meş'ale)

Descendants

• Turkish: meşal

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مشعل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1868

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Noun

مَشْعَل • (maš'ál) m

1. torch

Further reading

• Qamosona.com

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [maʃ.ˈʔal]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ʔǽl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ʔǽl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mä.ʃǽl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mä.ʃǽl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæʃ.ʔǽl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ʔǽl]

Readings
Classical reading?	maš'al
Dari reading?	maš'al
Iranian reading?	maš'al
Tajik reading?	mašʾal

Noun

Dari	مشعل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	машъал

مَشْعَل • (maš'al) (plural مَشاعِل (mašâ'el))

1. torch (of wood)
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 151:

     عجب روز و شبی دارم که از دود دل ریشم
     فرو شد آفتاب و مشعل مه ز آسمان گم شد

     ajab rōz u šabē dāram ki az dūd-i dil rēšam
     furō šud āftāb u maš'al-i mah z-āsmān gum šud

     Strange are my days and nights! From the smoke of my wounded heart
     The sun has gone down, and the moon's torch is lost from the sky.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مشعل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Noun

مَشْعَل • (maśʻal) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਸ਼ਲ)

1. torch

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “مشعَل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Noun

مَشْعَلُ • (maś'alu) m (Devanagari मशलु)

1. torch

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “مَشْعَلُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “مشعل”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /məʃ.(ʔ)əl/

Noun

مَشْعَل • (maś'al) f (Hindi spelling मशाल)

1. a sort of cresset; a torch, flambeau
2. a lantern

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884) “مشعل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.