قيوم

Arabic

Etymology

From Aramaic קימא / ܩܝܡܐ (qayyāmā) or Hebrew קים (qayyām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaj.juːm/

Adjective

قَيُّوم • (qayyūm)

1. enduring, most real and lasting, established, certain to exist (said of God)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:255:

     اللّٰهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

     allāhu lā ʔilaha ʔillā huwa l-ḥayyu l-qayyūmu lā taʔḵuḏuhu sinatun walā nawmun la-hū mā fī s-samāwāti wamā fī l-ʔarḍi man ḏā llaḏī yašfaʕu ʕinda-hū ʔillā biʔiḏnihi yaʕlamu mā bayna ʔaydīhim wamā ḵalfahum walā yuḥīṭūna bišayʔin min ʕilmi-hī ʔillā bimā šāʔa wasiʕa kursiyyu-hū s-samāwāti wa-l-ʔarḍa walā yaʔūduhu ḥifẓuhumā wahuwa l-ʕaliyyu l-ʕaẓīmu

     God – there is no deity except Him, he who outlives all that exists. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His allowance? He knows what is in their hands and what will be after them, and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His throne extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:2:

     ٱللّٰهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْحَيُّ ٱلْقَيُّومُ

     llāhu laʔā ʔilāha ʔillā huwa l-ḥayyu l-qayyūmu

     Allah! There is no god save Him, the Alive, the Eternal.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:111:

     وَعَنَتِ ٱلْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَيِّ ٱلْقَيُّومِ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ حَمَلَ ظُلْمًا

     wa-ʕanati l-wujūhu li-l-ḥayyi l-qayyūmi wa-qad ḵāba man ḥamala ẓulman

     And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).

Declension

Declension of adjective قَيُّوم (qayyūm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		—
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	قَيُّوم qayyūm	الْقَيُّوم al-qayyūm	—	—
Nominative	قَيُّومٌ qayyūmun	الْقَيُّومُ al-qayyūmu	—	—
Accusative	قَيُّومًا qayyūman	الْقَيُّومَ al-qayyūma	—	—
Genitive	قَيُّومٍ qayyūmin	الْقَيُّومِ al-qayyūmi	—	—

Further reading

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[1] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 23
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 244–245
• Nöldeke, Theodor, Schwally, Friedrich (1909) Geschichte des Qorāns. Erster Teil: Über den Ursprung des Qurāns.‎^[2] (in German), 2^nd edition, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 184 footnote 2
• “qym”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• القيوم (أسماء الله الحسنى) on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar